Tan, Joshua Piccoli, Luca Lanzavecchia, Antonio
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Plasmodium falciparum remains a serious public health problem and a continuous challenge for the immune system due to the complexity and diversity of the pathogen. Recent advances from several laboratories in the characterization of the antibody response to the parasite have led to the identification of critical targets for protection and revealed ...
Simeonov, Dimitre R. Marson, Alexander
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
CRISPR technology has opened a new era of genome interrogation and genome engineering. Discovered in bacteria, where it protects against bacteriophage by cleaving foreign nucleic acid sequences, the CRISPR system has been repurposed as an adaptable tool for genome editing and multiple other applications. CRISPR's ease of use, precision, and versati...
Gold, Michael R. Reth, Michael G.
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a central role in the self/nonself selection of B lymphocytes and in their activation by cognate antigen during the clonal selection process. It was long thought that most cell surface receptors, including the BCR, were freely diffusing and randomly distributed. Since the advent of superresolution techniq...
Godinho-Silva, Cristina Cardoso, Filipa Veiga-Fernandes, Henrique
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
The interplay between the immune and nervous systems has been acknowledged in the past, but only more recent studies have started to unravel the cellular and molecular players of such interactions. Mounting evidence indicates that environmental signals are sensed by discrete neuro–immune cell units (NICUs), which represent defined anatomical locati...
Morrell, Craig N. Pariser, Daphne N. Hilt, Zachary T. Vega Ocasio, Denisse
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Platelets have dual physiologic roles as both cellular mediators of thrombosis and immune modulatory cells. Historically, the thrombotic function of platelets has received significant research and clinical attention, but emerging research indicates that the immune regulatory roles of platelets may be just as important. We now know that in addition ...
Klein, Robyn S. Garber, Charise Funk, Kristen E. Salimi, Hamid Soung, Allison Kanmogne, Marlene Manivasagam, Sindhu Agner, Shannon Cain, Matthew
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Neurotropic RNA viruses continue to emerge and are increasingly linked to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) despite viral clearance. Indeed, the overall mortality of viral encephalitis in immunocompetent individuals is low, suggesting efficient mechanisms of virologic control within the CNS. Both immune and neural cells participate in th...
Bassler, Kevin Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas Warnat-Herresthal, Stefanie Aschenbrenner, Anna C. Schultze, Joachim L.
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Myeloid cells are a major cellular compartment of the immune system comprising monocytes, dendritic cells, tissue macrophages, and granulocytes. Models of cellular ontogeny, activation, differentiation, and tissue-specific functions of myeloid cells have been revisited during the last years with surprising results; for example, most tissue macropha...
Narasimhan, Prakash Babu Marcovecchio, Paola Hamers, Anouk A.J. Hedrick, Catherine C.
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Monocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections. There are three well-characterized classes of monocytes: classical (CD14+CD16− in humans and Ly6Chi in mice), intermediate (CD14+CD16+ in humans and Ly6C+Treml4+ in mice), and nonclassical (CD14−CD1...
Cumano, Ana Berthault, Claire Ramond, Cyrille Petit, Maxime Golub, Rachel Bandeira, Antonio Pereira, Pablo
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
During development innate lymphoid cells and specialized lymphocyte subsets colonize peripheral tissues, where they contribute to organogenesis and later constitute the first line of protection while maintaining tissue homeostasis. A few of these subsets are produced only during embryonic development and remain in the tissues throughout life. They ...
Hur, Sun
Published in
Annual Review of Immunology
Detection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) is a central mechanism of innate immune defense in many organisms. We here discuss several families of dsRNA-binding proteins involved in mammalian antiviral innate immunity. These include RIG-I-like receptors, protein kinase R, oligoadenylate synthases, adenosine deaminases acting on RNA, RNA interference...
