Not long after its discovery in the sixteenth century Surinam developed a plantation economy, needing many slaves from Africa. After the abolition of slavery in 1863, agricultural labour became very scarce. The thesis emphasizes the period 1863-1933, when the government of Surinam actively encouraged labour immigration from India and the Netherland...
Levert analysed the dualistic character of the Java sugar industry (entailing the cultivation of sugar-cane on peasant farms). The significance and use of labour was discussed as a factor of production in indigenous societies. A historical analysis was presented on the use of native labour during the period 1600-1879, when the Government's measures...
The greater part of the cost price of palm oil was spent on harvesting the ripe bunches. To harvest at the moment of best ripeness, the bunches had to be collected every 5 to 8 days.An oilpalm estate was divided in 8 divisions of approximately 2000 acres, under supervision of an assistant manager. Topografical differences in the divisions gave rise...
