On the likelihood of past tense situations still being the case at the time of speaking
International audience
英語における表層照応・深層照応と会話の推論
従来なされてきた表層照応・深層照応の区別には問題点がある。まず，Hankamer and Sag（1976）のsyntactic control/pragmatic controlという2分法では，表層照応でも非言語的なコンテクストにもとづいた解釈を受ける例は例外としてしか扱うことができない。また，Murphy（1985）の復元可能性の説明では，照応形を含む文がもつ復元の統語的な手がかりをひとつの要因とするために正しい分類ができない。 拙論では，表層照応・深層照応における先行詞の復元に関して，会話の含意とそれを導く推論の過程がどのように異なるかを，Levinson（1987）の会話の含意の枠組を用いることにより説明する。表層照応・深層照応の両方の場合において，I-implicatureにより...
Truthfulness and relevance
This paper questions the widespread view that verbal communication is governed by a maxim, norm or convention of truthfulness which applies at the level of what is literally meant, or what is said. Pragmatic frameworks based on this view must explain the frequent occurrence and acceptability of loose and figurative uses of language. We argue agains...
24.954 Pragmatics in Linguistic Theory, Fall 2002 / Pragmatics in Linguistic Theory
Formal theories of context-dependency, presupposition, implicature, context-change, focus and topic. Special emphasis on the division of labor between semantics and pragmatics. Applications to the analysis of quantification, definiteness, presupposition projection, conditionals and modality, anaphora, questions and answers.
Sarcasm, Deception, and Stating the Obvious: Planning Dialogue without Speech Acts
Published in Artificial Intelligence Review
This paper presents an alternative to the ‘speech acts with STRIPS’ approach to implementing dialogue a fully implemented AI planner which generates and analyses the semantics of utterances using a single linguistic act for all contexts. Using this act, the planner can model problematic conversational situations, including felicitous and infelicito...
Sarcasm, Deception, and Stating the Obvious: Planning Dialogue without Speech Acts
Published in Artificial Intelligence Review
This paper presents an alternative to the ‘speech acts with STRIPS’ approach to implementing dialogue a fully implemented AI planner which generates and analyses the semantics of utterances using a single linguistic act for all contexts. Using this act, the planner can model problematic conversational situations, including felicitous and infelicito...
24.954 Pragmatics in Linguistic Theory, Fall 2004 / Pragmatics in Linguistic Theory
Formal theories of context-dependency, presupposition, implicature, context-change, focus and topic. Special emphasis on the division of labor between semantics and pragmatics. Applications to the analysis of quantification, definiteness, presupposition projection, conditionals and modality, anaphora, questions and answers.
Investigating developmental effects in and-enrichment
Two propositions connected by and have the same truth-value, irrespective of the order of the conjuncts. However, in a sentence like “I put my socks and shoes on” it becomes obvious that the order of the conjuncts affects the meaning of the sentence. This study concerns the contribution of pragmatics to and by implicit enrichment to and then or and...
Scalar quantity implicatures and the interpretation of modality - Problems in the deontic domain
This paper argues that scalar quantity implicatures do not work across the modal domain as a whole, as has traditionally been assumed in the literature, but that deontic modal expressions pose a specific problem for the mechanism of scalar implicatures. It is argued that the problems with deontic modality are due to the fact that expressions of per...
Radical Semantics: A New Theory of Meaning
Published in Journal of Philosophical Logic
This paper extends Parikh’s earlier work in semantics with games of partial information and attempts to derive and represent the full content of an utterance from first principles. It also discusses various ways in which this content may be indeterminate.
