Hypoxia (Low oxygen) is found in 50% of breast cancers. Clinically, hypoxia is associated with increased invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and worse patient survival. Hypoxia drives major hallmarks of cancer phenotypes, including invasion. Breast cancer adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by the HIF transcription factors and epigenetic modif...
The translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins represents the culmination of gene expression. Recent technological advances have revolutionized our ability to investigate this process with unprecedented precision, enabling the study of translation at the single-molecule level in real time within live cells. In this review, we provide an over...
We created a 2-week, dual-module summer course introducing high school students to environmental toxicology by teaching them quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a way to quantify gene expression of chemical defense proteins in response to exposure to environmental pollutants. During the course, students are guided through the various s...
The rate of protein synthesis is slower than many folding reactions and varies depending on the synonymous codons encoding the protein sequence. Synonymous codon substitutions thus have the potential to regulate cotranslational protein folding mechanisms, and a growing number of proteins have been identified with folding mechanisms sensitive to cod...
Published in Translational Vision Science & Technology
Purpose Microphthalmia is a rare developmental eye disease that affects 1 in 7000 births. Currently, there is no cure for this condition. This study aimed to construct a stable mouse model of microphthalmia, thus providing a new tool for the study of the etiology of microphthalmia. Methods The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays a crucial role in eye ...
Published in Frontiers in Plant Science
Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) plays a very important role in response to abiotic stressors such as drought; however, in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), this gene family is poorly understood. This study used bioinformatics methods to identify 36 members of the lettuce Hsp20 family, which were named LsHsp20–1~LsHsp20–36. Subcellular localization results...
Published in Frontiers in Bee Science
Grooming behavior is one of the mechanisms of social immunity in Apis mellifera. This behavior has been proposed as an active strategy of honey bees to restrain the population growth of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bee colonies. The characterization of honey bee stocks with high grooming behavior is of utmost importance for hon...
Published in mSphere
Aspergillus fumigatus is the primary human filamentous fungal pathogen. The principal chemotherapeutic drug used to control infections associated with A. fumigatus is the azole compound. These drugs are well-tolerated and effective, but resistance is emerging at an alarming rate. Most resistance is associated with mutations that lead to overexpress...
Published in Frontiers in Neuroscience
Introduction Status epilepticus (SE) is a seizure lasting more than 5 min that can have lethal consequences or lead to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Using a pilocarpine-induced SE model in mice we investigated temporal changes in the hippocampal transcriptome. Methods We performed mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq analyses at various ...
Published in Frontiers in Plant Science
To remedy Cd pollution in the ocean, macroalgae are used as a bioremediation tool because of their ability to absorb and accumulate Cd. Gracilaria bailinae has high economic and ecological value and can survive in Cd contaminated waters; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, physiological and biochemical indexe...
