Abdominal Ultrasound - Gallbladder and Biliary Tree
This presentation is part of the PEER Liberia Radiology Lecture Series. The presentation provides an overview of how to perform an abdominal ultrasound of the gallbladder and biliary tree.
IgA as a potential candidate for enteric monoclonal antibody therapeutics with improved gastrointestinal stability
Mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in immune homeostasis and defense and may be compromised by enteric disorders or infection. Therapeutic intervention using monoclonal antibody (mAb) offers the potential for treatment with minimal off-target effects as well as the possibility of limited systemic exposure when adm...
Reversing Cancer Cell Fate: Driving Therapeutic Differentiation of Hepatoblastoma to Functional Hepatocyte-Like Cells
Background & Aims: Despite advances in surgical care and chemotherapeutic regimens, the five-year survival rate for Stage IV Hepatoblastoma (HB), the predominant pediatric liver tumor, remains at 27%. YAP1 and β-Catenin co-activation occurs in 80% of children’s HB; however, a lack of conditional genetic models precludes exploration of tumor mainten...
Aedes cadherin receptor that mediates Bacillus thuringiensis Cry11A toxicity is essential for mosquito development.
Aedes cadherin (AaeCad, AAEL024535) has been characterized as a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) Cry11A toxins. However, its role in development is still unknown. In this study, we modified the cadherin gene using ZFN and TALEN. Even though we obtained heterozygous deletions, no homozygous mutants were viable. Because ZF...
Intestinal Neurod1 expression impairs paneth cell differentiation and promotes enteroendocrine lineage specification
Transcription factor Neurod1 is required for enteroendocrine progenitor differentiation and maturation. Several earlier studies indicated that ectopic expression of Neurod1 converted non- neuronal cells into neurons. However, the functional consequence of ectopic Neurod1 expression has not been examined in the GI tract, and it is not known whether ...
Comparative Pangenomics of the Mammalian Gut Commensal Bifidobacterium longum
Bifidobacterium longum colonizes mammalian gastrointestinal tracts where it could metabolize host-indigestible oligosaccharides. Although B. longum strains are currently segregated into three subspecies that reflect common metabolic capacities and genetic similarity, heterogeneity within subspecies suggests that these taxonomic boundaries may not b...
Characterization of the fecal microbiome in cats with inflammatory bowel disease or alimentary small cell lymphoma.
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Feline chronic enteropathy (CE) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in cats and mainly comprises inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small cell lymphoma (SCL). Both IBD and SCL in cats share features with chronic enteropathies such as IBD and monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma in humans. The aim of this study was to character...
Upper Gastrointestinal Perforations: A Possible Danger of Antibiotic Overuse
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BACKGROUND: The role of changes in gut microflora on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) perforations is not known. We conducted a retrospective case-control study to examine the relationship between antibiotic exposure-a proxy for microbiome modulation-and UGI perforations in a national sample. METHODS: We queried a 5% random sample of Medicare (2009-201...
Single cell transcriptomic profiling of large intestinal enteroendocrine cells in mice - Identification of selective sti...
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OBJECTIVE: Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the large intestine, found scattered in the epithelial layer, are known to express different hormones, with at least partial co-expression of different hormones in the same cell. Here we aimed to categorize colonic EECs and to identify possible targets for selective recruitment of hormones. METHODS: Single...
Shorter Disease Duration Is Associated With Higher Rates of Response to Vedolizumab in Patients With Crohn's Disease But...
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Background & aims: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD), but not ulcerative colitis (UC), of shorter duration have higher rates of response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists than patients with longer disease duration. Little is known about the association between disease duration and response to other biologic agents. We aimed to evaluate re...
