Published in East African medical journal
Long-distance truck drivers and their sexual partners have a disproportionate effect on the transmission dynamics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infections, in Tanzania. In 1993, the African Medical and Research Foundation added an STD component (peer education and condom distribution) to its HIV/AIDS prevention program alon...
Published in Indian pediatrics
Globally, there are over 350 million carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In areas where persistent HBV infection is endemic, transmission is generally either perinatal or horizontal (through close contact between children). Given the finding of small amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen in breast milk, breast feeding has been suggested as an add...
Published in Population today
The US Agency for International Development and the Mellon and Hewlett Foundations commissioned a study by the National Research Council to help identify ways to implement and evaluate reproductive health strategies in developing countries following the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). The idea was to explore whic...
Published in Journal of pediatric nursing
Working as they do in clinics, hospitals, and schools, nurses in the US can play a critical role in reducing the rate of teen pregnancy. Specifically, nurses can: 1) educate and counsel youth about sexuality, reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases, and contraception; 2) work with children before they become sexually active; and 3) develop, imp...
Published in East African medical journal
War, famine, and poverty, and the resultant restricted access to health services, have exacerbated the incidence of tuberculosis in Somalia. A study conducted as part of an African Medical and Research Foundation community-based health program in the Luuq district, Gedo region, documented the effectiveness of short-course, directly observed chemoth...
Published in Studies in family planning
An assessment of gynecological morbidity among 385 married mothers of children 6-12 months of age from a district in South India's Karnataka State revealed a high burden of reproductive tract infections. Research methods included clinical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reports. A total of 152 women reported 226 gynecological complaints to ...
Published in Journal of the Indian Medical Association
The Government of India has set the goal of reducing perinatal mortality from its present level of 46/1000 live births to under 35/1000 by the year 2000. This study investigated the characteristics of stillbirths at a teaching hospital in Calcutta, India, in 1993. During the 12-month study period, there were 8488 live births and 326 stillbirths (38...
Published in Indian pediatrics
India's National Program for Control of Diarrheal Diseases has established Diarrhea Training and Treatment Units (DTUs) to reduce diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality. The cost-effectiveness and impact of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) were evaluated prospectively in all children presenting to the DTU of I.G. Medical College (Shimla, India) in ...
Published in Indian pediatrics
A study conducted in the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the Institute of Medical Sciences in Srinagar, India, assessed the acute diarrhea management strategies of various categories of health care practitioners. Of the total of 1030 infants enrolled at private clinics or other health units, 71.7% were treated by general practitioners and chemis...
Published in East African medical journal
The nutritional status of 1854 children under 5 years of age attending 3 maternal-child health clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was assessed in an anthropometric study conducted in 1993-94. Clinic attendance declined markedly after 2 years of age. Overall, 31.6% of children were stunted, 14.6% were underweight, and 2.9% were wasted, with higher ...
