Inflation is currently the most promising theory for depicting the initial conditions in the early Universe. In the simplest models, a scalar field, the inflaton, is slowly rolling down its potential with high energy density, making the Universe exponentially expand. On top of this mechanism of accelerated expansion, quantum fluctuations of the inf...
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,717 new measurements from 869 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as super...
peer reviewed / Multiply lensed images of a same source experience a relative time delay in the arrival of photons due to the path length difference and the different gravitational potentials the photons travel through. This effect can be used to measure absolute distances and the Hubble constant (H0) and is known as time-delay cosmography. The met...
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We present the cosmological implications from final measurements of clustering using galaxies, quasars, and Ly$\alpha$ forests from the completed Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) lineage of experiments in large-scale structure. These experiments, composed of data from SDSS, SDSS-II, BOSS, and eBOSS, offer independent measurements of baryon acoustic ...
The last century has seen tremendous improvements in our understanding of electromagnetism. An important discovery was made by Einstein in 1916, who combined thermodynamics and atomic physics to predict stimulated emission. The quantization of Maxwell's Equations yielded a powerful tool, Quantum Electrodynamics, which produced extremely accurate pr...
La cosmologie est une science jeune, et les travaux en épistémologie de la cosmologie sont peu nombreux. L'un des quatre piliers de cette science est la structure à grande échelle de l'Univers. L'histoire des découvertes qui y sont liées commence à la fin des années 1960 et s'étend jusqu'à aujourd'hui car ce domaine de recherche est de plus en plus...
First order phase transitions (PT) in the early universe happen via the nucleation of bubbles whose walls can expand at ultra-relativistic velocities. Interactions of the thermal bath at the wall produce particles which accumulate in shells at the wall. The shells evolve until they collide with those from neighboring bubbles. In this thesis we firs...
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