Published in Practical Metallography
The properties of the compound layer have a significant influence on the lifetime of nitrided surface layers. In addition to a sufficient thickness, the compound layer characteristics include the phase composition and the porosity. Complex methods such as GD-OES or XRD are already used to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phase composi...
Small fiber neuropathy is a neuropathy that by definition affect the small (un)myelinated nerve fibers of the skin and their functions. Symptoms of the disease are especially burning neuropathic pain of the distal extremities as well as complaints of the autonomic nervous system, which can lead to considerable suffering of the patients. In this pro...
Published in Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Surfactants are very often used in tertiary oil production. However, the conventional surfactants cannot be used in high salinity reservoirs of tertiary oil production because the high salinity leads to the deactivation of the surfactants. Gemini sulpho-betaine surfactants have been developed to meet the requirements of tertiary oil production in s...
Hybrid metal-halide perovskite solar cells have experienced a tremendous development within a short time period. In 2009 the first perovskite single-junction solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8% was presented. Just eleven years later, in year 2020, a PCE of 25.5% was achieved, which approaches the value of silicon single-junc...
Published in Practical Metallography
Chip formation is an important indicator of machining processes. Statistical characterization of machining chips’ geometric features can offer crucial information for evaluating the stability and productivity of the machining processes. In abrasive machining processes, an abundance of small chips are produced by the vast number of abrasives exposed...
Published in Practical Metallography
In this study, the effect of multipass welding on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the UNS 32205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) is investigated. The UNS 32205 DSS is welded in 3 or 7 passes by flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) using E2209 T1 – 1/4 flux cored wire. The weldments are characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM...
Published in Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its derivatives had been banned due to their potential environmental hazards, although they possessed excellent surface activity. An effective method to solve this problem was to shorten the fluorocarbon chain of these surfactants from C°H17 to C4F9. As previous studies had shown, zwitterionic surfactants posses...
Environmental labels and declarations (or ecolabels) are instruments to communicate the environmental performance of products. The relevance of environmental communication has been highlighted in Europe as far back in the 2000s when the Integrated Product Policy has been settled. Nowadays, environmental labelling is among the policy tools supported...
The effects of zinc and sodium hydroxide concentrations in an alkaline non-cyanide zinc bath on the electrodeposition characteristics of zinc deposits are systematically investigated. Using microstructural and phase analyses of specimens with specifically designed geometries, the study indicates that the bath formulations critically control the ele...
Das Fraunhofer IPA erarbeitet aktuell gemeinsam mit dem Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik der Technischen Universität Dresden ein Verfahren, um zukünftig nanoskalige Anteile in realen Beschichtungsformulierungen besser charakterisieren zu können. Lackformulierungen stellen häufig Bindemittel- und pigmenthaltige Dispersionen dar und w...
