Published in Medical hypotheses
In 1986 an epidemic of HIV infection among paid plasma donors was identified in Mexico; paid donors were iatrogenically infected in a plasmapheresis center. These paid donors sold both plasma and blood: they provided one-third of blood consumed in 1986. This led to infection of blood recipients, mainly women of childbearing age. Blood transfusion i...
Published in AIDS (London, England)
The risk factors for HIV transmission from infected male blood donors to their regular female sex partners were investigated in a cross-sectional study conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 1992-95. During the 3.5-year study period, 405 couples were recruited. 98% of male blood donors reported a history of sex with female prostitutes. Only 28 men (...
Published in AIDS (London, England)
Secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal cohort study of voluntary blood donors in Harare, Zimbabwe, confirmed a residual risk of HIV contamination of blood due to laboratory false-negatives and donations made during the window period. It further identified different risk factors for prevalent HIV infection (HIV seropositivity) compared with ...
Published in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
Blood donors in Brazil have recently begun to be screened for infection with HTLV types 1 and 2. Of 351,639 blood donations screened in Sao Paulo from January 1992 to October 1993, 1063 positive and 2238 indeterminate samples were identified based upon serologic confirmation using the 21e Western blot. Detailed serologic, molecular, and virologic a...
Published in [Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health
In cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine and the Yunnan Provincial Office for AIDS Control and Prevention, the authors studied the current status of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and other high-risk groups in Yunnan province, China. As of the end of 1995, 1807 HIV cases had been officially reported (positi...
Published in International journal of epidemiology
The widespread prevalence of HIV infection in countries and regions around the world has led blood banks to refuse blood donations from donors who are at high risk of being infected with HIV. Low-risk donors are instead recruited and all donors are tested for infection with HIV. The criteria for donor deferral are based mainly upon the epidemiology...
Published in Sexually transmitted diseases
To investigate the role of sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in East Africa, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in 3 populations with potentially divergent exposure to sexually acquired pathogens. Included were 253 voluntary blood donors (predominantly secondary school students), 952 relative blood donors, and 1025 patients wit...
In the United States, blood donors have been routinely screened for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) since 1988. HTLV-I and -II seropositive blood donors have been identified through confirmatory testing at five participating blood centers and frequency-matched seronegative controls provided information on potential HTLV sociodemographic, par...
Published in Acta leprologica
A cross-sectional study conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1990-92 failed to document any association between HIV-1 infection and leprosy. Tested for antibodies to HIV were 1016 leprosy patients and 78,482 volunteer blood donors. The HIV prevalence was 2.9/1000 (3 cases) among leprosy patients and 3.8/1000 (282 cases) among blood donors (odds ...
Activated protein C resistance (APCR), the most common risk factor for venous thrombosis, is the result of a G to A base substitution at nucleotide 1691 (R506Q) in the factor V gene. Current techniques to detect the factor V Leiden mutation, such as determination of restriction length polymorphisms, do not have the capacity to screen large numbers ...
