Stevenson, HW Chen, C Lee, S
Analyses were conducted of data from 5 studies related to the academic achievement and cognitive abilities of students in Japan, Taiwan, Mainland China, and the United States. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were available for students in kindergarten and grades 1, 5, and 11. The analyses compared the top 10 percent of students with the 10 pe...
Sandman, CA
Brain and behavioral responses to infrequent but equiprobable, predictable (fixed) and unpredictable (random) targets were measured to test the hypothesis that a shift in focus from local to global (historical) events occurs across the life span. Memory of sequence was informative in the fixed condition because the occurrence of a target could be p...
Wadhwa, PD Sandman, CA Porto, M Dunkel-Schetter, C Garite, TJ
ObjectiveThe aim was to test a model of the influence of maternal prenatal psychosocial stress on birth outcomes after controlling for biomedical risk.Study designIn a prospective study a sociodemographically homogeneous sample of 90 women was assessed during the third trimester with standard, reliable questionnaires that measured episodic and chro...
Sherman, JW Klein, SB
A developmental model of impression formation was tested. Results indicated that the mental representation of personality impressions depends on the perceiver's degree of experience with the impression target. At low levels of experience, impressions consist primarily of stored behavioral exemplars. However, as experience increases, an abstract imp...
Dal Forno, G Kawas, CH
We have summarized the literature on cognitive changes in normal aging. The concepts of normal aging, age-associated memory impairment, and their possible continuum with dementia are discussed. Epidemiologic, genetic, radiological, as well as neuropsychological and endocrine contributions to the understanding of cognition in the elderly, are review...
Behan, DP Heinrichs, SC Troncoso, JC Liu, XJ Kawas, CH Ling, N De Souza, EB
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) there are dramatic reductions in the content of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), reciprocal increases in CRF receptors, and morphological abnormalities in CRF neurons in affected brain areas. Cognitive impairment in AD patients is associated with a lower cerebrospinal fluid concentration of CRF, which is known to in...
Winterhalder, B
Two chimpanzees stalk, isolate, and kill a red colobus monkey. An attendant primatologist notes that parts of the prey are relinquished selectively to onlooking scroungers (Fig. 1). A human forager returns to camp mid-afternoon with a freshly killed, medium-sized ungulate. Later in the day, an ethnographer observes that shared portions of the anima...
Barich, RR Bielby, DD
"This study investigates the relationship between individuals' expectations for marriage and their beliefs about the social world. Drawing on the neoinstitutionalist perspective and employing a repeated cross-section design, this study analyzes survey data on young adults [in the United States] from 1967 and 1994 to examine the relationship between...
Kaplan, CP Tanjasiri, SP
Although a substantial literature compares data on health-related behaviors collected by face-to-face and telephone interview formats, little attention has been paid to the comparability of responses regarding cigarette-smoking-related behavior, particularly among Latino youth. This study compares telephone and face-to-face interview methods for as...
Haaland, KY Harrington, DL O'Brien, S Hermanowicz, N
Procedural learning deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but contradictory results have been reported in rotary pursuit learning. This article compared rotary pursuit learning in 2 nondemented PD groups and 2 normal control (NC) groups, using a between-subjects group design in which 3 rotation speeds were presented either randomly or in...