Invest long term in Canada's wilderness
Published in Science
Nature's treasure hunt
Published in Science
The atmosphere of Pluto as observed by New Horizons
...Published in Science
In July 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft flew through the Pluto system at high speed, humanity's first close look at this enigmatic system on the outskirts of our solar system. In a series of papers, the New Horizons team present their analysis of the encounter data downloaded so far: Moore et al. present the complex surface features and geology o...
Political priorities
Published in Science
In October, we asked young scientists how political priorities affect their ability to do and communicate science. We received a range of answers, some frustrated by political interference, others optimistic about the ability of political attention to effect change. Although many submissions focused on pleas for more science funding, we have focuse...
Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota.
...Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or ge...
A cucurbit androecy gene reveals how unisexual flowers develop and dioecy emerges.
...Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Understanding the evolution of sex determination in plants requires identifying the mechanisms underlying the transition from monoecious plants, where male and female flowers coexist, to unisexual individuals found in dioecious species. We show that in melon and cucumber, the androecy gene controls female flower development and encodes a limiting e...
Transmission of innate immune signaling by packaging of cGAMP in viral particles.
...Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Infected cells detect viruses through a variety of receptors that initiate cell-intrinsic innate defense responses. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic sensor for many DNA viruses and HIV-1. In response to cytosolic viral DNA, cGAS synthesizes the second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cG...
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORγt⁺ T cells.
...Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity, it is a strong inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells and regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in the intestine. Here, we report that...
IMMUNODEFICIENCIES. Impairment of immunity to Candida and Mycobacterium in humans with bi-allelic RORC mutations.
...Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Human inborn errors of immunity mediated by the cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F (IL-17A/F) underlie mucocutaneous candidiasis, whereas inborn errors of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report the discovery of bi-allelic RORC loss-of-function mutations in seven individuals from three kindreds of differen...
CANCER. A p53-regulated immune checkpoint relevant to cancer.
Published in Science (New York, N.Y.)
