Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
When most people think of a sports injury, they picture a broken leg or arm. However, concussions and other head injuries are also common. Head injuries can cause physical issues like bruising and bleeding and can also cause issues like memory problems. Because every athlete recovers differently, it is best to use guidelines for their return to pla...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia national parks protect over 1,200 mountain lakes. These lakes provide healthy homes for plants and animals and supply clean water to downstream communities. These clear blue lakes are high up in the mountains, where they receive very low amounts of nutrients from the watershed. Nutrients help living things grow a...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Acute appendicitis is the medical term for inflammation of the appendix, which is a tubular structure located at the beginning of the large intestine. Acute appendicitis is usually caused by a blockage of the appendix, increasing the pressure inside it and decreasing its blood supply. Acute appendicitis is a very common disease, mostly affecting pe...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Climate change is occurring today because of a buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This buildup of CO2 is mostly from burning fossil fuels for our energy needs. The oceans take up and store a lot of CO2 from the atmosphere. To know how much CO2 the oceans take up, we must understand the processes involved. These processes include the...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
One important reason for living organisms to have a brain is to produce movement. Movements can be voluntary (those that are in our control, like walking) or involuntary (those that are not under our direct control, like breathing). Our brain is not only responsible for producing these movements, but also for generating the sense of being in contro...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
All animals, including you, need oxygen to breathe. Many kinds of tiny microorganisms (microbes) also need oxygen. But some microbes have a superpower: they can breathe a different element called nitrogen! This means they can live in areas where there is no oxygen. But where are these areas? We wanted to figure out where these superpowered nitrogen...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Do you get red and itchy rashes that just do not seem to go away? You may have atopic dermatitis, sometimes called eczema, the most common skin disease in children and teenagers. In this article, we describe how to recognize eczema and what causes it. Then we discuss the various treatments for eczema and strategies to help prevent it. Finally, we d...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Humans typically make thousands of movements every day, which allow us to navigate and interact with the world around us. The brain controls the body’s movements and, amazingly, can instruct the body to move in just a split second. Even though the brain can rapidly move the body, most of our movements appear very smooth and efficient. While some mo...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
This article describes one of the most important chapters in scientific history, which contributed to the modern understanding of the universe. Albert Einstein completed his theory of general relativity in 1915. This theory changed our understanding of the concepts of space, time and gravity, established by Isaac Newton. One prediction of the new t...
Published in Frontiers for Young Minds
Have you ever hiked up a mountain and felt a frosty wind blowing across your face? You might need to button up your jacket to visit this place, but here, whitebark pine trees are right at home. Whitebark pines thrive in the highest forests of western North America. In these environments, whitebark pines help other, less-hardy species to establish, ...
