Published in Cytokine
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domestic and wild avian species with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although this disease is mainly controlled through NDV vaccines, alternative use of antiviral compounds is increasingly under study. Resiquimod (R-848), an imidazoquinoline compound is a potent synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 7...
Published in Cytokine
Some of the respiratory viral infections in chickens pose a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. In response to viral infections, host innate responses provide the first line of defense against viruses, which often act even before the establishment of the infection. Host cells sense the presence of viral components through ...
Published in Cytokine
The aim of this study was to valuate if there are some differences in metabolic parameters among obese which will develop diabetes and those that will not develop diabetes. We enrolled 959 obese, normal glucose tolerant, of either sex, outpatients and evaluated them for 8 years. We evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting...
Published in Cytokine
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are markers of disease severity and bacterial burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, the association of Type 2, regulatory and other anti-inflammatory cytokines with disease severity and bacterial burden in PTB is not well understood. To examine the association of anti-inflammatory cytokines with PTB, we examine...
Published in Cytokine
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified that rs10757278 in chromosome 9p21 was a risk loci of ischemic stroke (IS). Interferon-beta 1 (IFNB1), located on 9p21, has a protective role in IS. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the rs10757278, rs9333358 and rs1051922 in IFNB1 were related to the risk of IS. The 3 polymorphisms w...
Published in Cytokine
Cataracts are the most common eye complications of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study aimed to investigate the cytokine profiles of the aqueous humor of RP with cataracts. The aqueous humor was collected from RP eyes with cataract (RP group, n = 20) and age-related cataract eyes (ARC group, n = 20) during cataract surgery. The levels of 37 media...
Published in Cytokine
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. The World Health Organization estimates that globally 257 million people are chronic HBV carriers at risk of developing liver cancer. Current therapies for prevention and treatment of HCC are inadequate. Although interferon-based treatment strategies...
Published in Cytokine
Chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are closely linked and pose a major medical challenge as treatment options are limited. Animal studies have shown that genetic deletion of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 in liver is associated with higher susceptibility to fatty liver disease, fibr...
Published in Cytokine
The immunopathologic responses play a major role in the development of H. pylori (HP)-related gastrointestinal diseases. IL-37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with potent suppressive effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we investigated the IL-37 levels and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs3811047 and rs27231...
Published in Cytokine
MERS-CoV, a highly pathogenic virus in humans, is associated with high morbidity and case fatality. Inflammatory responses have a significant impact on MERS-CoV pathogenesis and disease outcome. However, CD4+ T-cell induced immune responses during acute MERS-CoV infection are barely detectable, with potent inhibition of effector T cells and downreg...
