Carbohydrate Metabolism.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Influenza-Specific Lung-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Despite the availability of seasonal vaccines, influenza A (IAV) prevails as a leading cause of respiratory infection worldwide. Current vaccination efforts aim at increasing protection against heterologous and potentially pandemic IAV strains. Lung-resident CD8+ T cells (Trm) generated upon IAV infection are vital for heterosubtypic immunity to IA...
Emerging Properties and Functions of Actin and Actin Filaments Inside the Nucleus.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Recent years have provided considerable insights into the dynamic nature of the cell nucleus, which is constantly reorganizing its genome, controlling its size and shape, as well as spatiotemporally orchestrating chromatin remodeling and transcription. Remarkably, it has become clear that the ancient and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein actin ...
The Endocardium and Heart Valves.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that, during embryogenesis, form a lining on the inside of the developing heart, which is maintained throughout life. Endocardial cells are an essential source for several lineages of the cardiovascular system including coronary endothelium, endocardial cushion mesenchyme, cardiomyocytes, mural ce...
The Naming of Memory T-Cell Subsets.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
With ever-improving methods of cell characterization, the field of immunology has enjoyed unprecedented opportunities to resolve distinctions between lymphocyte populations. However, this has led to a proliferation of "subset" designations that threatens to complicate and confuse clear identification of populations that share critical functional tr...
Organization of the Pluripotent Genome.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
In the past several decades, the establishment of in vitro models of pluripotency has ushered in a golden era for developmental and stem cell biology. Research in this arena has led to profound insights into the regulatory features that shape early embryonic development. Nevertheless, an integrative theory of the epigenetic principles that govern t...
The Evolutionary Origins of Programmed Cell Death Signaling.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are found in many phyla, ranging from developmentally programmed apoptosis in animals to cell-autonomous programmed necrosis pathways that limit the spread of biotrophic pathogens in multicellular assemblies. Prominent examples for the latter include animal necroptosis and pyroptosis, plant hypersensitive respon...
Genetic Basis of Human Congenital Heart Disease.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common major congenital anomaly with an incidence of ∼1% of live births and is a significant cause of birth defect-related mortality. The genetic mechanisms underlying the development of CHD are complex and remain incompletely understood. Known genetic causes include all classes of genetic variation includ...
The Killer Pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL).
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Whereas the apoptosis cell death pathway typically enables cells to undergo death in an immunologically silent manner, cell death by necroptosis induces cell lysis and release of cellular constituents known to elicit an immune response. Consequently, the origins of necroptosis likely originated in host defense against pathogens, although recently i...
Brain Organoids: Human Neurodevelopment in a Dish.
Published in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
The human brain is often described as the most complex organ in our body. Because of the limited accessibility of living brain tissue, human-specific features of neurodevelopment and disease remain largely unknown. The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells to self-organize into 3D brain organoids has revolutionized approaches to studying brain ...
