Chang, Francesca Eng, Lauren Chang, Christopher
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
The prevalence of food allergies varies by country, as does each country's food allergen labeling. While labeling laws may vary by country, most follow the Codex Alimentarius. Even developing countries have some degree of labeling guidelines for food allergies, but it is highly developed countries that tend to implement stricter labeling regulation...
Shao, Tihong Hsu, Ronald Hacein-Bey, Camelia Zhang, Weici Gao, Lixia Kurth, Mark J Zhao, Huanhuan Shuai, Zongwen Leung, Patrick S C
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
The human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory ...
Paris, Kenneth Wall, Luke A
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
Primary immunodeficiency is a group of disorders associated with susceptibility to infectious agents and the development of various comorbidities. Many primary immunodeficiencies are complicated by immune dysregulation, autoinflammation, or autoimmunity which impacts multiple organ systems. Major advances in the treatment of these disorders have oc...
Chawla, Sanchi Jindal, Ankur Kumar Arora, Kanika Tyagi, Rahul Dhaliwal, Manpreet Rawat, Amit
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency (PID) resulting from a defect in the B cell development. It has conventionally been thought that T cells play a major role in the development and function of the B cell compartment. However, it has also been shown that B cells and T cells undergo bidirectional interactions and B cells...
Cavazzana, Ilaria Vojinovic, Tamara Airo', Paolo Fredi, Micaela Ceribelli, Angela Pedretti, Eleonora Lazzaroni, Maria Grazia Garrafa, Emirena Franceschini, Franco
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
Disease-specific autoantibodies are considered the most important biomarkers for systemic sclerosis (SSc), due to their ability to stratify patients with different severity and prognosis. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), occurring in subjects with isolated Raynuad's phenomenon, are considered the strongest independent predictors of definite SSc and d...
Lazzaroni, Maria-Grazia Piantoni, Silvia Angeli, Fabrizio Bertocchi, Stefania Franceschini, Franco Airò, Paolo
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of three main actors: vasculopathy, immune activation, and fibrosis. This pathologic process is then translated in a clinical picture with great variability among different patients in terms of type of organ involvement, disease severity and prognosis. Thi...
Cole, Alice Ong, Voon H Denton, Christopher P
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a mortality of 20% at 6 months. Once the leading cause of mortality in scleroderma (SSc), it remains a serious complication, often necessitating level three care for patients affected. Whilst renal outcomes have significantly improved following the ad...
Truchetet, Marie Elise Brembilla, Nicolò C Chizzolini, Carlo
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
From the clinical standpoint, systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by skin and internal organ fibrosis, diffuse fibroproliferative vascular modifications, and autoimmunity. Clinical presentation and course are highly heterogenous and life expectancy variably affected mostly dependent on lung and heart involvement. SSc touches more women than m...
Zavatta, Alice Parisi, Francesca Mandò, Chiara Scaccabarozzi, Chiara Savasi, Valeria M Cetin, Irene
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
During female lifetime and pregnancy, inflammation and cellular senescence are implicated in physiological processes, from ovulation and menstruation, to placental homeostasis and delivery. Several lifestyles, nutritional, and environmental insults, as well as long-lasting pregestational inflammatory diseases may lead to detrimental effects in prom...
Mannion, Jenny M McLoughlin, Rachel M Lalor, Stephen J
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
The respiratory tract is home to a diverse microbial community whose influence on local and systemic immune responses is only beginning to be appreciated. Increasing reports have linked changes in this microbiome to a range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis. C...
