Jetten, Anton M.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins form one of the largest families of transcription factors. They function as key regulators of embryonic development and a wide range of other physiological processes, and are implicated in a variety of pathologies. GLI-similar 1–3 (GLIS1–3) constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins that act either...
Hyttinen, Juha M. T. Viiri, Johanna Kaarniranta, Kai Błasiak, Janusz
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the predominant cause of visual loss in old people in the developed world, whose incidence is increasing. This disease is caused by the decrease in macular function, due to the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The aged retina is characterised by increased levels of reactive oxygen spe...
Barna, János Csermely, Péter Vellai, Tibor
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Various stress factors leading to protein damage induce the activation of an evolutionarily conserved cell protective mechanism, the heat shock response (HSR), to maintain protein homeostasis in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a central role in the HSR. HSF1 was initially known as a transcription factor that upregul...
Stringer, Jessica M. Winship, Amy Liew, Seng H. Hutt, Karla
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Female fertility and offspring health are critically dependent on the maintenance of an adequate supply of high-quality oocytes. Like somatic cells, oocytes are subject to a variety of different types of DNA damage arising from endogenous cellular processes and exposure to exogenous genotoxic stressors. While the repair of intentionally induced DNA...
Sugaya, Yuki Kano, Masanobu
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Progress in research on endocannabinoid signaling has greatly advanced our understanding of how it controls neural circuit excitability in health and disease. In general, endocannabinoid signaling at excitatory synapses suppresses seizures by inhibiting glutamate release. In contrast, endocannabinoid signaling promotes seizures by inhibiting GABA r...
de Bari, Lidia Atlante, Anna
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Glucose avidity, high glycolysis and l-lactate production, regardless of oxygen availability, are the main traits of cancer metabolic reprogramming. The idea that mitochondria are dysfunctional in cancer, thus causing a glycolysis increase for ATP production and l-lactate accumulation as a dead-end product of glucose catabolism, has oriented cancer...
Goetzke, Roman Sechi, Antonio De Laporte, Laura Neuss, Sabine Wagner, Wolfgang
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Mechanical stimulation affects growth and differentiation of stem cells. This may be used to guide lineage-specific cell fate decisions and therefore opens fascinating opportunities for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Several studies demonstrated functional and molecular effects of mechanical stimulation but on first sight these result...
Caron, Nicolas Genin, Emmanuelle C. Marlier, Quentin Verteneuil, Sébastien Beukelaers, Pierre Morel, Laurence Hu, Miaofen G. Hinds, Philip W. Nguyen, Laurent Vandenbosch, Renaud
...
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Neural stem cells give rise to granule dentate neurons throughout life in the hippocampus. Upon activation, these stem cells generate fast proliferating progenitors that complete several rounds of divisions before differentiating into neurons. Although the mechanisms regulating the activation of stem cells have been intensively studied, little atte...
Park, Karen Sophia Xu, Christine L. Cui, Xuan Tsang, Stephen H.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Metabolomics studies in the context of ophthalmology have largely focused on identifying metabolite concentrations that characterize specific retinal diseases. Studies involving mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have shown that individuals suffering from retinal diseases exhibit metabolic profiles that markedl...
Ueno, Hiroshi Suzuki, Kano Murata, Takeshi
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Rotary ATPases are unique rotary molecular motors that function as energy conversion machines. Among all known rotary ATPases, F1-ATPase is the best characterized rotary molecular motor. There are many high-resolution crystal structures and the rotation dynamics have been investigated in detail by extensive single-molecule studies. In contrast, kno...
