Sun, Jiandong Liu, Yan Tran, Jennifer O’Neal, Patrick Baudry, Michel Bi, Xiaoning
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Emerging evidence is implicating abnormal activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in several monogenetic neuropsychiatric disorders, including Angelman syndrome (AS), which is caused by deficiency in maternally inherited UBE3A. Using an AS mouse model, we show that semi-chronic rapamycin treatment improves long-term potenti...
Pfister, Barbara Zeeman, Samuel C.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Starch-rich crops form the basis of our nutrition, but plants have still to yield all their secrets as to how they make this vital substance. Great progress has been made by studying both crop and model systems, and we approach the point of knowing the enzymatic machinery responsible for creating the massive, insoluble starch granules found in plan...
Simms, Carrie L. Zaher, Hani S.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
The “central dogma” of molecular biology describes how information contained in DNA is transformed into RNA and finally into proteins. In order for proteins to maintain their functionality in both the parent cell and subsequent generations, it is essential that the information encoded in DNA and RNA remains unaltered. DNA and RNA are constantly exp...
Meng, Xiangfeng Gangoiti, Joana Bai, Yuxiang Pijning, Tjaard Van Leeuwen, Sander S. Dijkhuizen, Lubbert
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce large amounts of α-glucan exopolysaccharides. Family GH70 glucansucrase (GS) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of these α-glucans from sucrose. The elucidation of the crystal structures of representative GS enzymes has advanced our understanding of their reaction mechanism, especially structural features...
Barthel, Sebastian Robert Medvedev, Regina Heinrich, Thekla Büchner, Sarah Manon Kettern, Nadja Hildt, Eberhard
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes severe liver disease but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. During chronic HBV infection, the liver is recurrently injured by immune cells in the quest for viral elimination. To compensate tissue injury, liver regeneration represents a vital process which requires proliferative insulin receptor sig...
Mahony, R. Ahmed, S. Diskin, C. Stevenson, N. J.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Since their discovery, SOCS have been characterised as regulatory cornerstones of intracellular signalling. While classically controlling the JAK/STAT pathway, their inhibitory effects are documented across several cascades, underpinning their essential role in homeostatic maintenance and disease. After 20 years of extensive research, SOCS3 has eme...
Foley, Matthew H. Cockburn, Darrell W. Koropatkin, Nicole M.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Resident bacteria in the densely populated human intestinal tract must efficiently compete for carbohydrate nutrition. The Bacteroidetes, a dominant bacterial phylum in the mammalian gut, encode a plethora of discrete polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that are selectively activated to facilitate glycan capture at the cell surface. The most wel...
Grice, Guinevere L. Nathan, James A.
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
The ability of ubiquitin to form up to eight different polyubiquitin chain linkages generates complexity within the ubiquitin proteasome system, and accounts for the diverse roles of ubiquitination within the cell. Understanding how each type of ubiquitin linkage is correctly interpreted by ubiquitin binding proteins provides important insights int...
Wei, Yuanyuan Schober, Andreas
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Macrophages play a crucial role in the innate immune system and contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies, like in the defence against infectious agents, in inflammation resolution, and wound repair. In the past several years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in immune diseases by regulating macrophage functions...
Møller, Marie Sofie Henriksen, Anette Svensson, Birte
Published in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
α-Glucan debranching enzymes hydrolyse α-1,6-linkages in starch/glycogen, thereby, playing a central role in energy metabolism in all living organisms. They belong to glycoside hydrolase families GH13 and GH57 and several of these enzymes are industrially important. Nine GH13 subfamilies include α-glucan debranching enzymes; isoamylase and glycogen...
