Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractExperimental and clinical studies provided evidence that astrocytes are inherent components of neural networks. Astrocytes can affect synaptic processes by modulating the activity of neuro- and gliotransmitters. The role of the microglia in the organization of network spaces and the formation of neuroastrocytic domains is considered one of ...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractFOF1-ATP synthase is a highly conserved enzyme of eukaryotic or bacterial cells. This enzyme contains eight species of various subunits in bacteria. The F1 sector contains subunits α3, β3, γ, δ, and ε, and the FO sector contains subunits a, b2, and c(10–15). According to modern nomenclature, the rotor of FOF1-ATF synthase consists of the γ,...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractThe results of studies on mce operons of the causative agent Mycobacteriumtuberculosis and actinobacteria are summarized. Mce transporters belong to a group of cell-wall proteins. The genome of M. tuberculosis contains four mce operons that encode complexes, each of which consists of two integral membrane proteins (YrbEB) followed by six ot...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractCoronavirus pandemic, is a continuing catastrophe (COVID-19) triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus passes into the target cells by attaching itself to a receptor i.e., Human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). It consists of Spike structures created from glycoproteins that promote the viru...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
Abstract—The article presents a systematic review of the literature data on the role of endothelial cells and features of vascularization in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The capillaries of the normal liver are represented by sinusoids, which are characterized by the presence of specific fenestrations in endothelial cells and the abs...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractHigher fungi represent a group of living organisms that remain poorly studied in terms of mycology and biochemistry. Among their secondary metabolites, toxic compounds are of particular interest, since they may be an etiological factor causing acute food intoxications, i.e., mycetismi. This review summarizes the information on the fungal sp...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
Abstract—Information on the biological activity of designer synthetic opioids is presented. The classifications of such agents are reviewed. Comparisons of synthetic opioids and opium alkaloids are given for analgesic and addictive effects and the ability to cause respiratory depression. The unusual biological activity of designer opioids is based ...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractThe review highlights recent reports of advances in quantitative neuroproteomics that use new methods to analyze brain functions. Functional neuroproteomics provides new insight into the mechanisms of brain function and neurodegenerative diseases by identifying expressed proteins and their interactions. Analysis of the brain’s proteome made...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
Abstract—Data on the variability of the nucleotide sequences of whole mitochondrial genomes in populations of Russians, Poles, and Serbs, which represent, respectively, the groups of East, West, and South Slavs, are reviewed in comparison with similar data for other European peoples. It was shown that the results of the analysis of the variability ...
Published in Biology Bulletin Reviews
AbstractThe possibilities and advantages of a system-dynamic and agent-based approach to the modeling of processes in living systems are discussed. The basic principles and examples of kinetic and direct multiparticle computer modeling of photosynthetic electron transport and associated processes are demonstrated on the example of the modeling of p...
