Pereira, S P Goodchild, G Webster, G J M
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
Patients with biliary strictures often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, due to the site and complexity of biliary obstruction and wide differential diagnosis. Multidisciplinary decision making is required to reach an accurate and timely diagnosis and to plan optimal care. Developments in endoscopic ultrasound and peroral cholangios...
Wellner, Karolin Betat, Heike Mörl, Mario
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta
tRNAs are key players in translation and are additionally involved in a wide range of distinct cellular processes. The vital importance of tRNAs becomes evident in numerous diseases that are linked to defective tRNA molecules. It is therefore not surprising that the structural intactness of tRNAs is continuously scrutinized and defective tRNAs are ...
Strazzabosco, Mario Fiorotto, Romina Cadamuro, Massimiliano Spirli, Carlo Mariotti, Valeria Kaffe, Eleanna Scirpo, Roberto Fabris, Luca
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
The most studied physiological function of biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) is to regulate bile flow and composition, in particular the hydration and alkalinity of the primary bile secreted by hepatocytes. After almost three decades of studies it is now become clear that cholangiocytes are also involved in epithelial innate immunity, in in...
Mansini, Adrian P Peixoto, Estanislao Thelen, Kristen M Gaspari, Cesar Jin, Sujeong Gradilone, Sergio A
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
Cholangiocytes, like most cells, express primary cilia extending from their membranes. These organelles function as antennae which detect stimuli from bile and transmit the information into cells regulating several signaling pathways involved in secretion, proliferation and apoptosis. The ability of primary cilia to detect different signals is prov...
Blewett, Nathan H Maraia, Richard J
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta
The conserved nuclear RNA-binding factor known as La protein arose in an ancient eukaryote, phylogenetically associated with another eukaryotic hallmark, synthesis of tRNA by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III). Because 3'-oligo(U) is the sequence-specific signal for transcription termination by RNAP III as well as the high affinity binding site for La, ...
Koh, Cha San Sarin, L Peter
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are sumptuously decorated with evolutionary conserved post-transcriptional nucleoside modifications that are essential for structural stability and ensure efficient protein translation. The tRNA modification levels change significantly in response to physiological stresses, altering translation in a number of ways. For...
Chatterjee, Kunal Nostramo, Regina T Wan, Yao Hopper, Anita K
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms
Although tRNAs participate in the essential function of protein translation in the cytoplasm, tRNA transcription and numerous processing steps occur in the nucleus. This subcellular separation between tRNA biogenesis and function requires that tRNAs be efficiently delivered to the cytoplasm in a step termed "primary tRNA nuclear export". Surprising...
Nicoludis, John M Gaudet, Rachelle
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes
Recently, protein sequence coevolution analysis has matured into a predictive powerhouse for protein structure and function. Direct methods, which use global statistical models of sequence coevolution, have enabled the prediction of membrane and disordered protein structures, protein complex architectures, and the functional effects of mutations in...
Sato, Keisaku Meng, Fanyin Giang, Thao Glaser, Shannon Alpini, Gianfranco
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
Cholangiocytes, epithelial cells that line the biliary epithelium, are the primary target cells for cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. Quiescent cholangiocytes respond to biliary damage and acquire an activated neuroendocrine phenotype to maintain the homeostasis of the liver. The typical resp...
Graczyk, Damian Cieśla, Małgorzata Boguta, Magdalena
Published in
Biochimica et biophysica acta
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) is directed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) specialized in high-level transcription of short DNA templates. Pol III recruitment to tRNA genes is controlled by two general initiation factors, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. They are multi-protein complexes regulated at the level of expression of individual subunits, as well a...
