SIHTI 2. Energy and environmental technology. Yearbook 1995 of the research programme. Project presentations

Detrimental impacts of various energy production forms, their prevention and costs to enterprises and to the society are studied in the National Re-search Programme on Energy and Environmental Technology - SIHTI 2. For this evaluation work, databases on Finland s energy production, fuels and boilers and emissions of various production forms are needed. This is one of the main subtasks of the SIHTI Programme. Development of methods and tools required for environmental decision-making and for the as-sessment of environmental costs and testing of their usability and reliability are equally important. Emission measurements are a problem field that continuously sets new challenges. New more stringent emission standards and the development of new combustion and cleaning technologies have created a need to measure, in particular, the behaviour of particulates in various process conditions. The main aim of the particulate studies in the SIHTI 2 programme is to de-velop a on-line method for measuring particle size distribution in flue gases. The programme also focuses on the detection of new gaseous components difficult to measure and on the design and construction of continuous-operating measuring equipment. In addition to energy production and its environmental impacts, environmental issues of the wood-processing industries form another important research field of SIHTI 2 programme. A common aim of both fields is to re-duce emissions of detrimental substances, to recycle raw materials, and to minimise and reuse wastes. Research and development projects are being carried out by a number of universities of different fields of science and technology, by research or-ganisations and enterpriseses, and many projects are realised in close co-operation. In 1995, the programme comprised 2 8R & D projects by univer-sities and 22 enterprise-led projects. Results of these projects are presented in this yearbook. Part of the research projects continued from the preceding year and part were new projects continuing in 1996.