A new post‐hoc method to reduce the energy imbalance in eddy covariance measurements

Latent and sensible heat flux observations are essential for understanding land-atmosphere interactions. Measurements from the eddy covariance technique are widely used but suffer from systematic energy imbalance problems, partly due to missing large eddies from sub-mesoscale transport. Because available energy drives the development of large eddies, we propose an available energy based correction method for turbulent flux measurements. We apply our method to 172 flux tower sites and show that we can reduce the energy imbalance from -14.99 to -0.65 W m-2 on average, together with improved consistency between turbulent fluxes and available energy and associated increases in r2 at individual sites and across networks. Our results suggest that our method is conceptually and empirically preferable over the method implemented in the ONEFlux processing. This can contribute to the efforts in understanding and addressing the energy imbalance issue, which is crucial for the evaluation and calibration of land surface models. Eddy covariance measurements are key to understanding the exchange of energy and water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, which helps us validate Earth system models that predict how the land interacts with the atmosphere. However, these measurements often show an energy imbalance problem, meaning that the measured turbulent energy does not fully account for all the energy entering the system. For two decades, scientists have been using advanced simulations and multi-tower measurements to find out why this happens, and have found that the movements of airflow in a horizontal direction play a large role. Taking this knowledge into account, we propose a simple, data-driven method to make these measurements more accurate. This new approach reduces the error not just at one eddy covariance site, but at multiple sites around the globe, and it's also effective at reflecting the energy changes that occur with daily weather events like rain. Observed systematic imbalance of energy flux (similar to 17%) across the network of eddy covariance sitesA theoretically motivated correction method based on available energy variations is proposedThe available energy correction method has conceptual and empirical advantages compared to the method implemented in the ONEFlux pipeline