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Modeling the Hydrology of Climate Change in Californias Sierra Nevada for Subwatershed Scale Adaptation

Authors
  • Charles, Young
  • Marisa, Escobar
  • Martha, Fernandes
  • Brian, Joyce
  • Michael, Kiparsky
  • Jeffrey Mount
  • Vishal K., Mehta
  • David, Purkey
  • Joshua Viers
  • David, Yates
Type
Published Article
Journal
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
Publisher
Wiley (Blackwell Publishing)
Publication Date
Dec 01, 2009
Volume
45
Source
Center for Watershed Sciences John Muir Institute of the Environment
License
Unknown

Abstract

The rainfall-runoff model presented in this study represents the hydrology of 15 major watersheds of the Sierra Nevada in California as the backbone of a planning tool for water resources analysis including climate change studies. Our model implementation documents potential changes in hydrologic metrics such as snowpack and the initiation of snowmelt at a finer resolution than previous studies, in accordance with the needs of watershed-level planning decisions. Calibration was performed with a sequence of steps focusing sequentially on parameters of land cover, snow accumulation and melt, and water capacity and hydraulic conductivity of soil horizons. An assessment of the calibrated streamflows using goodness of fit statistics indicate that the model robustly represents major features of weekly average flows of the historical 1980-2001 time series. Runs of the model for climate warming scenarios with fixed increases of 2!C, 4!C, and 6!C for the spatial domain were used to analyze changes in snow accumulation and runoff timing. The results indicated a reduction in snowmelt volume that was largest in the 1,750-2,750 m elevation range. In addition, the runoff center of mass shifted to earlier dates and this shift was non-uniformly distributed throughout the Sierra Nevada. Because the hydrologic model presented here is nested within a water resources planning system, future research can focus on the management and adaptation of the water resources system in the context of climate change.

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