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Energy imbalance gap was associated with body mass index and sex in Latin American adolescents—results from the ELANS study

Authors
  • Hernandez, Pablo1
  • Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella2, 3, 4, 5
  • Ferrari, Gerson6, 7
  • Yépez Almeida, Rafaela8
  • Yépez García, Martha Cecilia8
  • Villar Cáceres, Mónica8
  • Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira9
  • Sifontes, Yaritza1, 3
  • Landaeta-Jimenez, Maritza3
  • Gómez, Georgina10
  • Monge-Rojas, Rafael11
  • Pareja, Rossina G.12
  • Rigotti, Attilio13
  • Kovalskys, Irina14
  • Fisberg, Mauro15, 16
  • 1 Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
  • 2 Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV), Caracas
  • 3 Fundación Bengoa para la Alimentación y Nutrición, Caracas
  • 4 Department of Nutrition and Health Studies, Framingham University, Framingham, MA , (United States)
  • 5 Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA , (United States)
  • 6 Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago , (Chile)
  • 7 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia , (Chile)
  • 8 Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito , (Ecuador)
  • 9 Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá , (Colombia)
  • 10 Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José , (Costa Rica)
  • 11 Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago , (Costa Rica)
  • 12 Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina, Lima , (Peru)
  • 13 Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago , (Chile)
  • 14 Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires , (Argentina)
  • 15 Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo , (Brazil)
  • 16 Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo , (Brazil)
Type
Published Article
Journal
Frontiers in Nutrition
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Publication Date
Mar 14, 2024
Volume
11
Identifiers
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1380315
Source
Frontiers
Keywords
Disciplines
  • Nutrition
  • Original Research
License
Green

Abstract

Introduction Energy imbalance gap (EIG) is defined as the average daily difference between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). This study aimed to examine the associations between EIG and sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in the adolescent population of eight Latin America countries. Methods A total of 680 adolescents aged 15 to 18 were included in this study. The estimation of EI was based on two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. EE was predicted from Schofield equations using physical activity level obtained through the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. A descriptive analysis and multilevel linear regression models were used to examine associations between variables. Results The mean EI, EE, and EIG were 2091.3 kcal, 2067.8 kcal, and 23.5 kcal, respectively. Argentina had the highest EI and EIG, whereas Chile had the lowest EI and EIG. Males had a higher EI (2262.4 kcal) and EE (2172.2 kcal) than females (1930.1 kcal and 2084.5 kcal), respectively (p < 0.05). Overweight subjects had a lower EIG than did underweight and normal-weight subjects (p < 0.05). Subjects with low socioeconomic status (SES) had a lower EE (2047.0 kcal) than those with a high SES (2164.2 kcal) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Sex and BMI were associated with EIG in adolescents from Latin America.

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