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Divergent patterns of zooplankton connectivity in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones of the eastern North Pacific.

Authors
  • Matthews, Stephanie A1
  • Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio2
  • 1 California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecological Research Site, Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA.
  • 2 Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Arizona State University St. George's Bermuda. , (Bermuda)
Type
Published Article
Journal
Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Wiley (John Wiley & Sons)
Publication Date
Nov 01, 2023
Volume
13
Issue
11
Identifiers
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10664
PMID: 37933324
Source
Medline
Keywords
Language
English
License
Unknown

Abstract

Due to historical under-sampling of the deep ocean, the distributional ranges of mesopelagic zooplankton are not well documented, leading to uncertainty about the mechanisms that shape midwater zooplankton community composition. Using a combination of DNA metabarcoding (18S-V4 and mtCOI) and trait-based analysis, we characterized zooplankton diversity and community composition in the upper 1000 m of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We tested whether the North Pacific Transition Zone is a biogeographic boundary region for mesopelagic zooplankton. We also tested whether zooplankton taxa occupying different vertical habitats and exhibiting different ecological traits differed in the ranges of temperature, Chl-a, and dissolved oxygen conditions inhabited. The depth of the maximum taxonomic richness deepened with increasing latitude in the North Pacific. Community similarity in the mesopelagic zone also increased in comparison with the epipelagic zone, and no evidence was found for a biogeographic boundary between previously delineated mesopelagic biogeochemical provinces. Epipelagic zooplankton exhibited broader temperature and Chl-a ranges than mesopelagic taxa. Within the epipelagic, taxa with broader temperature and Chl-a ranges also had broader distributional ranges. However, mesopelagic taxa were distributed across wider dissolved oxygen ranges, and within the mesopelagic, only oxygen ranges covaried with distributional ranges. Environmental and distributional ranges also varied among traits, both for epipelagic taxa and mesopelagic taxa. The strongest differences in both environmental and distributional ranges were observed for taxa with or without diel vertical migration behavior. Our results suggest that species traits can influence the differential effects of physical dispersal and environmental selection in shaping biogeographic distributions. © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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