Published in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Ever deeper and wider look-back surveys have led to a fairly robust outline of the cosmic star-formation history, which culminated around ; this period is often nicknamed “cosmic noon.” Our knowledge about star-forming galaxies at these epochs has dramatically advanced from increasingly complete population censuses and detailed views of individual ...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon pla...
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) following the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent tsunami in March 2011 changed people's perceptions regarding nuclear power generation in Japan and worldwide. The failure to prevent the accident and the response to it had an enormous impact specifically on the communiti...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
In this informal memoir, the author describes his passage through a golden age of elementary particle physics. It includes not only his career trajectory as a theoretical physicist but also his excursions into experimental physics and particle accelerator theory. While his successes are highlighted, some unsuccessful efforts are included in the nar...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the m...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
Hardware-based track reconstruction in the CMS and ATLAS trigger systems for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will provide unique capabilities. In this review, we present an overview of earlier track trigger systems at hadron colliders, in particular those at the Tevatron CDF and DØ experiments. We discuss the plans of the CMS and AT...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
With the first observation of a binary neutron star merger through gravitational waves and light, GW170817, compact binary mergers have now taken the center stage in nuclear astrophysics. They are thought to be one of the main astrophysical sites of production of r-process elements, and merger observations have become a fundamental tool to constrai...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
More than 30 years have passed since the successful detection of supernova (SN) neutrinos from SN 1987A. In the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in neutrino detection techniques, through which it may be possible to detect neutrinos from a new source, presupernova (pre-SN) neutrinos. They are emitted from a massive star prior to c...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
This review provides an overview of the conceptual issues regarding the interpretation of so-called direct top quark mass measurements, which are based on the kinematic reconstruction of top quark decay products at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements quote the top mass parameter of Monte Carlo event generators with current uncertain...
Published in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
The center of the Galaxy is one of the prime targets in the search for a signal of annihilating (or decaying) dark matter. If such a signal were to be detected, it would shed light on one of the biggest mysteries in physics today: What is dark matter? Fundamental properties of the particle nature of dark matter, such as its mass, annihilation cross...
