Nelson, Kristin N Gandhi, Neel R Mathema, Barun Lopman, Benjamin A Brust, James C M Auld, Sara C Ismail, Nazir Omar, Shaheed Vally Brown, Tyler S Allana, Salim
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Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Patterns of transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly understood, despite over half a million incident cases worldwide in 2017. Modeling TB transmission networks can provide insight into drivers of transmission, but incomplete sampling of TB cases can pose challenges for inference from individual epidemiologic and molecular dat...
Shewade, H. D. Gupta, V. Satyanarayana, S. Chadha, S. S. Pandurangan, S. Mohanty, S. Kumar, A. M. V.
Published in
Public Health Action
Among new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients aged ⩾15 years from marginalised populations in India, one in four had a history of a household member with TB and one in 10 had a TB-related death in the household. This contribution of household transmission to overall TB transmission provides evidence for a potential population-level ...
Nelson, Kristin N Jenness, Samuel M Mathema, Barun Lopman, Benjamin A Auld, Sara C Shah, N Sarita Brust, James C M Ismail, Nazir Omar, Shaheed Vally Brown, Tyler S
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Published in
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally, and drug-resistant TB strains pose a serious threat to controlling the global TB epidemic. The clinical features, locations, and social factors driving transmission in settings with high incidences of drug-resistant TB are poorly understood. We measured a network of genomic links ...
Chiang, S Brooks, M Jenkins, H Rubenstein, D Seddon, J Van de Water, B Lindeborg, M Becerra, M Yuen, C
Background Household contacts of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis are at high risk for being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for developing tuberculosis disease. To guide regimen composition for the empirical treatment of tuberculosis infection and disease in these household contacts, we estimated drug resistance profile conco...
Mphaphlele, Matsie Dharmadhikari, Ashwin S Jensen, Paul A Rudnick, Stephen N van Reenen, Tobias H Pagano, Marcello A Leuschner, Wilhelm Sears, Tim A Milonova, Sonya P van der Walt, Martie
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Published in
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Upper room germicidal UV air disinfection with air mixing was highly effective in reducing tuberculosis transmission under hospital conditions. These data support using either a total fixture output (rather than electrical or UV lamp wattage) of 15-20 mW/m(3) total room volume, or an average whole-room UV irradiance (fluence rate) of 5-7 μW/cm(2), ...
Peñuelas-Urquides, Katia Martínez-Rodríguez, Herminia Guadalupe Enciso-Moreno, José Antonio Molina-Salinas, Gloria María Silva-Ramírez, Beatriz Padilla-Rivas, Gerardo Raymundo Vera-Cabrera, Lucio Torres-de-la-Cruz, Víctor Manuel Martínez-Martínez, Yazmin Berenice Ortega-García, Jorge Luis
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The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (M) ...
Soetens, Lucia C Boshuizen, Hendriek C Korthals Altes, Hester
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
A seasonal rise in tuberculosis (TB) notifications has been confirmed in several studies. Here, we examined one hypothesis for its cause: increased transmission of TB during wintertime due to crowding. Seasonality analysis was performed on actual and simulated notifications of clustered TB cases, which are considered to be representative of recent ...
Verdier, Jesse Eduard Jan de Vlas, Sake Kidgell-Koppelaar, Inge D Richardus, Jan Hendrik
Published in
Infectious disease reports
Contact investigations around tuberculosis patients enable early detection of infection and disease, and prevention of secondary tuberculosis cases. We aim to identify risk factors for M. tuberculosis transmission to contacts of tuberculosis patients, based on unique data from routine contact investigations by the Public Health Service in Rotterdam...
Nicas, Mark Nazaroff, William W Hubbard, Alan
Published in
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
Certain respiratory tract infections are transmitted through air. Coughing and sneezing by an infected person can emit pathogen-containing particles with diameters less than 10 microm that can reach the alveolar region. Based on our analysis of the sparse literature on respiratory aerosols, we estimated that emitted particles quickly decrease in di...
Glynn, Judith R Crampin, Amelia C Traore, Hamidou Chaguluka, Steve Mwafulirwa, Donex T Alghamdi, Saad Ngwira, Bagrey M M Yates, Malcolm D Drobniewski, Francis D Fine, Paul E M
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Published in
Emerging infectious diseases
Tuberculosis patients with identical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are described as clustered. Cluster size may depend on patient or strain characteristics. In a 7-year population-based study of tuberculosis in Karonga District, Malawi, clusters were defined by using IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism, excluding patterns with
