Article 23, currently in force, of Law 30/1984, of 2 August 1984, on measures for the reform of the civil service, sets out two types of remuneration, basic and supplementary.Among the supplementary remuneration is the productivity allowance, the purpose of which is to reward the special performance, extraordinary activity and interest or initiativ...
Public Procurement in the Spanish Science, Technology and Innovation System has a special singularity due largely to the peculiarities of this system. The execution of research projects is conditioned almost entirely by the speed at which results are obtained, which obliges the processing units to be especially agile in the execution of public proc...
The fundamental right to the protection of personal data enjoys an additional guarantee to the traditional mechanisms for guaranteeing fundamental rights, such as the supervisory authorities. We will focus here on analysing the reason for their existence, their organisation and functions. The objective is to confirm the need for these independent a...
Companies deal with increasing pressure from multiple stakeholders to report not only their sustainable practices, but also their extended supply chain sustainability (SCS). However, the literature has paid less attention to how stakeholder pressures are shaped in the Global South characterized by institutional voids related to contracting, outsour...
Democracy and its constitutional concretion, the democraticstate, require reaffirmation mechanisms in the face of the crisis oflegitimacy suffered by this model of political organization. This paper proposes new approaches to transparency as the foundation of representative democracy, combining Klitgaard's corruption equation with Beetham's legitim...
Twitter has become the Internet social network of choice for most political leaders and its use was significant during the hardest months of COVID-19. This paper analyzes the effects that the speeches of the main political leaders in Spain have had on the management of the communication of COVID-19, in order to verify how their speech has influence...
In the field of contracts, it is imperative to preserve fundamental rights; We will deal in particular with freedom, equality and non-discrimination, with the purpose of pointing out that the prohibition of contractual discrimination do not intend to solve a problem of access to markets, nor is a problem of mere protection of the weakness of those ...
According to the National Market and Competition Commission (Comisión Nacional del Mercado y la Competencia, CNMC), 40% of domestic users do not understand their electricity bill. This paper analyzes whether the bill, which is mandatory for all domestic consumers by law (consumers with contracts under 15 kW), is written in plain language. Plain lan...
The European Union wants to regulate the internet, and, alongside the Digital Markets Act, the Digital Service Act is the main tool to create a “safe and accountable online environment”. The plan is ambitious and its blueprint intriguing: transparency and disclosure of algorithms are at the core of the paper precisely because they are crucial to ac...
The complexity of the modern supply chain requires the implementation of emerging technologies to meet the information needs of all stakeholders. Among these technologies, blockchain is characterized by immutability, traceability and easy query of information in each transaction. In this context, the objective of this review is to identify and anal...
