We studied whether cytosine phosphate&ndash / guanine (CpG) recoding in a viral genome may provide oncolytic candidates with reduced infection kinetics in nonmalignant brain cells, but with high virulence in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). As a model, we used well-characterized CpG-recoded Zika virus vaccine candidates that previously showed geneti...
Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the prototypic member of the Leporipoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family of viruses. In nature, MYXV is highly restricted to leporids and causes a lethal disease called myxomatosis only in European rabbits (Oryctologous cuniculus). However, MYXV has been shown to also productively infect various types of nonrabbit transform...
Published in Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
Successful in situ therapeutic vaccination would allow locally delivered oncolytic virus (OV) to exert systemic immunologic effects on metastases and improve survival. We have utilized bilateral flank tumor models to determine the most efficacious regimens of in situ vaccination. Intratumoral injection with membrane-tethered interleukin -2-armed OV...
Published in ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Background Immune-mediated therapies have transformed the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal, bladder, and both small and non-small cell lung carcinomas. However, immunotherapy is yet to demonstrate dramatic results in brain tumors like medulloblastoma for a variety of reasons. Recent pre-clinical and early phase human trials provide encour...
Published in Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
The lack of highly and selectively expressed surface antigens is a major barrier to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors. Aalipour and colleagues engineer an oncolytic virus to selectively deliver an ectopic surface antigen to solid tumors to potentiate anti-tumor activity of cognate CAR T cells.
In order to break tumor resistance towards traditional treatments, we investigate the response of tumor and immune cells to a novel, cytokine-armed oncolytic adenovirus: Ad5/3-d24-E2F-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (also known as TILT-123 and OAd.TNFa-IL2). There are several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that might mediate adenovirus-infection recognition. ...
Published in Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
Published in Biomedicines
This review compares cytotoxic drugs, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies with regard to mechanisms and side effects. Targeted therapies relate to small molecule inhibitors. Immunotherapies include checkpoint inhibitory antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. All these therapeutic approaches ...
Published in Frontiers of Medicine
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials....
Published in Biomedicines
The topic is how to achieve long-term protective anti-tumor immunity by anti-cancer vaccination and what are its mechanisms. Cancer vaccines should instruct the immune system regarding relevant cancer targets and contain signals for innate immunity activation. Of central importance is T-cell mediated immunity and thus a detailed understanding of co...
