Trafimow, David
Published in
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
Researchers have been concerned with internal and external validity for decades, and the discussion continues. The present proposal is that there are less important and more important senses in which one can interpret internal and external validity, and these can be integrated with a taxonomy that includes theoretical, auxiliary, statistical, and i...
Brauer, Markus Kennedy, Kevin R.
Published in
Frontiers in Social Psychology
Following Douglas Mook's lead we distinguish between research on “effects that can be made to occur” and research on “effects that do occur” and argue that both can contribute to the advancement of knowledge. We further suggest that current social psychological research focuses too much on the former type of effects. Given the discipline's emphasis...
Brand, Jennie E. Zhou, Xiang Xie, Yu
This article reviews recent advances in causal inference relevant to sociology. We focus on a selective subset of contributions aligning with four broad topics: causal effect identification and estimation in general, causal effect heterogeneity, causal effect mediation, and temporal and spatial interference. We describe how machine learning, as an ...
Brand, Jennie E Zhou, Xiang Xie, Yu
This article reviews recent advances in causal inference relevant to sociology. We focus on a selective subset of contributions aligning with four broad topics: causal effect identification and estimation in general, causal effect heterogeneity, causal effect mediation, and temporal and spatial interference. We describe how machine learning, as an ...
Webster-Clark, Michael Keil, Alexander P
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Epidemiologic researchers generalizing or transporting effect estimates from a study to a target population must account for effect-measure modifiers (EMMs) on the scale of interest. However, little attention is paid to how the EMMs required may vary depending on the mathematical nuances of each effect measure. We defined 2 types of EMMs: a margina...
Polman, Evan Maglio, Sam J
Published in
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
In attempting to draw bigger conclusions, researchers in psychology open their labs to more diverse groups of people. Yet even the most far-reaching theories must be tested with specific stimuli, materials, and methodology. To the extent that a study's stimuli are familiar beyond the lab to groups of people writ large, an experiment is said to have...
Hernández-Arteaga, Enrique Ågmo, Anders
Published in
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
The low replicability of scientific studies has become an important issue. One possible cause is low representativeness of the experimental design employed. Already in the 1950’s, Egon Brunswick pointed out that experimental setups ideally should be based on a random sample of stimuli from the subjects’ natural environment or at least include basic...
Cannon, Amelia Elaine Zürrer, Wolfgang Emanuel Zejlon, Charlotte Kulcsar, Zsolt Lewandowski, Sebastian Piehl, Fredrik Granberg, Tobias Ineichen, Benjamin Victor
Published in
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Background and objectives Animal models for motor neuron diseases (MND) such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are commonly used in preclinical research. However, it is insufficiently understood how much findings from these model systems can be translated to humans. Thus, we aimed at systematically assessing the translational value of MND anim...
Degtiar, Irina Rose, Sherri
Published in
Annual Review of Statistics and its Application
When assessing causal effects, determining the target population to which the results are intended to generalize is a critical decision. Randomized and observational studies each have strengths and limitations for estimating causal effects in a target population. Estimates from randomized data may have internal validity but are often not representa...
Moran, Tal Nudler, Yahel Bar-Anan, Yoav
Evaluative conditioning (EC) research investigates changes in the evaluation of a stimulus after co-occurrence with an affective stimulus. To explain the motivation behind this research, this review begins with an overview of the history of EC research, followed by a summary of the state of the art with respect to three key questions. First, how sh...
