Le contexte de suppression prochaine du glyphosate et les enjeux liés à la réduction de l’usage des pesticides poussent la profession arboricole à s’intéresser à des pratiques alternatives au désherbage chimique. La question des adventices se pose particulièrement pour le rang, c’est-à-dire la ligne formée par les arbres. Il existe de nombreuses al...
La pomme est une production largement dépendante de l’utilisation des pesticides : - les vergers actuels sont implantés avec des variétés sensibles aux bio-agresseurs et le taux de renouvellement de ces vergers est faible - la pérennité de la culture permet à certains bio-agresseurs de se maintenir dans les vergers d’une année sur l’autre, avec des...
A majority of works developed in apple tree architecture and physiology in past decades are based on trees grown in monocultivar high density orchards. Here we propose to connect knowledge on the tree itself with knowledge on the system in which it is grown. In the two cases, scientific advances are intrinsically connected with practical aspects. I...
Irregular fruit production across successive years is a major issue that limits the profitability of most temperate and tropical fruit crops. It is particularly affected by the reciprocal relationships between vegetative and reproductive growth. The concept of the costs of reproduction is defined in terms of losses in the potential future reproduct...
Irregular bearing is a major issue limiting productivity of temperate and tropical fruit crops. It is generally studied through the effects of fruit production in one year on flowering and fruit production in the following year, involving classical nutritional and/or hormonal hypotheses. As shown in various species, especially in the apple, there a...
Les cultures arboricoles sont de forts consommateurs d’intrants notamment phytosanitaires. Des techniques de réductions partielles d’intrants sont au point, mais la possibilité d’une réduction très importante grâce à une combinaison logique de toutes les techniques est peu explorée. Le projet a consisté à évaluer sur trois espèces majeures, le pomm...
Concepts in fruit tree training and pruning, is there old versus new paradigms? Viewpoint of a biologist
A majority of works developed in apple tree architecture and physiology in past decades are based on trees grown in monocultivar high density orchards. Here we propose to connect knowledge on the tree itself with knowledge on the system in which it is grown. In the two cases, scientific advances are intrinsically connected with practical aspects. I...
Agroforestry consists of associating trees and crop in the same plot and requires that complementarity relationships be established between the two species in order to reduce competition, especially at the root level. The aim of this work was to test and evaluate the possibility of driving young peach tree roots under the roots of the associated cr...
