The effects of the number of fat layers (4-162 layers) on expansion and loss of CO2 and water in Danish pastries (yeasted puff pastry) were studied at each processing step. Proving contributed to most of the expansion (200-300%) and no specific role of fat layers was evidenced at this stage; this was confirmed by measurements of CO2 released. Relat...
Starting with the triboelectrical charge of one-component plastics, the relation between the charge behavior and surface properties is investigated. The charge behavior of a two-component and a multi-component mixture is calculated. Furthermore the influence of water on the movability of charge carriers, charge kinetics, influence of the air humidi...