Evolution of negative immune regulators.
Frailty in medically complex individuals with chronic HIV.
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OBJECTIVES:Multimorbidity and frailty are consequences of aging with HIV, yet not everyone with medical disease is frail. Our objective was to identify factors associated with frailty in a multimorbid HIV-infected cohort. DESIGN:Analysis of a prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort. METHODS:Three hundred and thirty-two participants in the m...
Frailty in Comorbid HIV and Lifetime Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Associations with Neurocognitive and Everyday Functio...
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HIV and methamphetamine (MA) use disorder are commonly comorbid and individually-associated with adverse health consequences, including frailty; however, less is known about the combined effects of both conditions. The current cross-sectional study examined how HIV and lifetime MA use disorder relate to frailty, and explored associations between fr...
Plasma (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and suPAR levels correlate with neurocognitive performance in people living with HIV on antire...
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Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have higher rates of non-AIDS disorders, such as neurocognitive (NC) impairment (NCI) than the general population. (1-3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) is a fungal cell wall component which serves as a biomarker for gut barrier integrity failure and microbial and fungal translocation. The primar...
Blood amyloid-β protein isoforms are affected by HIV-1 in a subtype-dependent pattern.
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This study aimed to compare serum amyloid processing biomarkers among HIV subtype B (n = 25), HIV subtype C (n = 26), healthy HIV-negative controls (n = 18), and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 24). Immunoassays were used to measure main soluble Aβ isoforms Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ-total in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). People liv...
Darwinian bee-keeping: lessons from the wild
Published in Nature
A timely treatise on the plight of the honeybee Apis mellifera grips Gene E. Robinson. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) returning to their hive
Host-Specific NS5 Ubiquitination Determines Yellow Fever Virus Tropism.
The recent yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil in 2017 and Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in 2015 serve to remind us of the importance of flaviviruses as emerging human pathogens. With the current global flavivirus threat, there is an urgent need for antivirals and vaccines to curb the spread of these viruses. However, the lack of suitable anim...
Gasdermin-D and Caspase-7 are the key Caspase-1/8 substrates downstream of the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome required for res...
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Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that detect infection or cellular damage and activate the Caspase-1 (CASP1) protease. The NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome detects bacterial flagellin and is essential for resistance to the flagellated intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The effectors required downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4 to rest...
The secret social lives of viruses
Published in Nature
Scientists are listening in on the ways viruses communicate and cooperate. Decoding what the microbes are saying could be a boon to human health.
TRIM5alpha Restricts Flavivirus Replication by Targeting the Viral Protease for Proteasomal Degradation
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Tripartite motif-containing protein 5alpha (TRIM5alpha) is a cellular antiviral restriction factor that prevents early events in retrovirus replication. The activity of TRIM5alpha is thought to be limited to retroviruses as a result of highly specific interactions with capsid lattices. In contrast to this current understanding, we show that both hu...
