Melssen, Marit M. Petroni, Gina R. Chianese-Bullock, Kimberly A. Wages, Nolan A. Grosh, William W. Varhegyi, Nikole Smolkin, Mark E. Smith, Kelly T. Galeassi, Nadejda V. Deacon, Donna H.
...
Published in
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
BackgroundCancer vaccines require adjuvants to induce effective immune responses; however, there is no consensus on optimal adjuvants. We hypothesized that toll-like receptor (TLR)3 agonist polyICLC or TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), combined with CD4 T cell activation, would support strong and durable CD8+ T cell responses, whereas addition...
Ruuskanen, Miia Leivo, Ilmo Minn, Heikki Vahlberg, Tero Haglund, Caj Hagström, Jaana Irjala, Heikki
Published in
BMC Cancer
BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease with an enigmatic etiology. NPC associates with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), while immunological factors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in the immunological defence against...
Antonides, Jennifer Mathur, Samarth Sundaram, Mekala Ricklefs, Robert DeWoody, J. Andrew
Published in
BMC Evolutionary Biology
BackgroundIn the arms race between hosts and parasites, genes involved in the immune response are targets for natural selection. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) genes play a role in parasite detection as part of the innate immune system whereas Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins that display antigens as part of the vertebrate ada...
gramlich, robert aliahmadi, ehsan peiser, matthias
(Th17) and IL-22+ (immature Th17) cells were identified. Interestingly, one population of LPS stimulated cells skewed into IL-9+Th cells, and LPS synergized with PGN while inducing high IL-22. In conclusion, our data indicates that when mediated by a fine-tuned signal integration via LCs, bacterial TLR agonists synergize and induce Th17 differentia...
Liang, Hongwei Kidder, Koby Liu, Yuan
Published in
ExRNA
Since the discovery of the stability of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and other body fluids about a decade ago, an increasing body of literature has addressed the function of extracellular miRNAs as novel regulators of gene expression. Although many of these studies have demonstrated that extracellular miRNAs modulate the target genes ...
Bussey, Kendra A Murthy, Sripriya Reimer, Elisa Chan, Baca Hatesuer, Bastian Schughart, Klaus Glaunsinger, Britt Adler, Heiko Brinkmann, Melanie M
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a small-animal model suitable for study of the human pathogens Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Here, we have characterized the roles of the endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) escort protein UNC93B, endosomal TLR7, -9, and -13, and cell surface TLR2 in MHV68 detection. We found th...
Crow, Mary K. Olferiev, Mikhail Kirou, Kyriakos A.
Published in
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
Type I interferons, which make up the first cytokine family to be described and are the essential mediators of antivirus host defense, have emerged as central elements in the immunopathology of systemic autoimmune diseases, with systemic lupus erythematosus as the prototype. Lessons from investigation of interferon regulation following virus infect...
Smith, C.I. Edvard Zain, Rula
Published in
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Oligonucleotides (ONs) can interfere with biomolecules representing the entire extended central dogma. Antisense gapmer, steric block, splice-switching ONs, and short interfering RNA drugs have been successfully developed. Moreover, antagomirs (antimicroRNAs), microRNA mimics, aptamers, DNA decoys, DNAzymes, synthetic guide strands for CRISPR/C...
Kang, Bo Yeon Lee, Seung-Su Bang, Myun-Ho Jeon, Hyoik Kim, Hangeun Chung, Dae Kyun
Published in
Journal of Microbiology
Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Gramineae that has been used as a health food in Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Z. latifolia, which increased human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) expression in HaCaT cells. hBD2 expression was further increased in cells treated with Z. latifolia extr...
Tatematsu, Megumi Funami, Kenji Seya, Tsukasa Matsumoto, Misako
Published in
Journal of Innate Immunity
RNA works as a genome and messenger in RNA viruses, and it sends messages in most of the creatures of the Earth, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The human innate immune system has evolved to detect single- and double-stranded RNA molecules from microbes by pattern recognition receptors and induce defense reactions against i...
