Transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements are frequently used to study recombination processes in thin-film solar cells by probing the decay of a small optically-induced voltage perturbation to infer the charge carrier dynamics of devices at open circuit. However, the validity of this method to probe organic semiconductors has recently come into do...
Gaining deep insight into the operative mechanism of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices made of perylene-diimide (PDI) electron acceptors is challenging. Herein we perform a comparative study of three different solution-processable PDI-based heterojunctions for identifying the parameters limiting their OPV device performance. In all three systems t...
Travel-based multitasking, also referred to as travel time use, is now a well-established concept, whose existence is supported by the technological trajectories, with mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) and vehicle automation working together to allow travel time to be more productive and enjoyable. Despite existence of reviews...
A novel unsaturated and amide -based ionic liquid, [VAIM] [TFSI] (3-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-1-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide), was synthesized using a two-step method. Its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and its water content was determined by Karl Fischer titration to be below 0.03 wt %. The density, viscosi...
The synthesis of a novel fluorinated n‐type small molecule based on an indacenodithiophene core is reported. Fluorination is found to have a significant impact on the physical properties, including a surprisingly dramatic improvement in solubility, in addition to effectively stabilizing the lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital energy (−4.24 eV). Sin...
A novel unsaturated and amide -based ionic liquid, [VAIM] [TFSI] (3-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-1-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide), was synthesized using a two-step method. Its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and its water content was determined by Karl Fischer titration to be below 0.03 wt %. The density, viscosi...
status: published
Cybersecurity is a real challenge on many levels for the transportation sector and its sub-sectors (air, maritime, ports, road...). While some aspects remain sub-sector specific, thereby making cy- bersecurity issues difficult to address, this report aims to understand the landscape and come up with a horizontal and holistic understanding of the cy...
The influence of the austenite (gamma) phase fraction on the hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel is investigated. Heat treatments are performed to create two duplex stainless steel specimens, containing 50% and 44% of austenite, respectively. Mechanical testing with and without hydrogen charging reveals that significant embrittlement o...
A comprehensive transport model for Forward Osmosis (FO) is presented, based on Maxwell-Stefan theory. In FO, the oppositely directed fluxes give rise to frictional interactions, while the salinity gradient also causes to thermodynamic non-ideal behaviour of organic feed solutes, in the form of salting out. When using electrolytic draw solutes, une...
