Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most prominent imaging techniques in the world. Its main purpose is to probe soft tissues in a non-invasive and non-ionizing way. However, its wider adoption is hindered by an overall high scan time. In order to reduce this duration, several approaches have been proposed, among which Parallel Imaging (...
The automotive industry is moving toward intelligent systems. The aim for more safety, comfort, or even full self-driving systems requires the vehicles to take actions instead of the driver. It may use light signals, brake, accelerate, turn, and shift gears. Performing safely such actions requires a decision-making process that anticipates the resu...
Electromagnetic probing of a gridlike, finite set of infinitely long circular cylindrical dielectric rods affected by missing ones is investigated from time-harmonic single and multiple frequency data. Sub-wavelength distances between adjacent rods and sub-wavelength rod diameters are assumed throughout the frequency band of operation and this lead...
Neuronal circuits are at the basis of behaviors such as motor coordination or learning and memory. As being part of a network, neurons communicate at synapses through finely tuned molecular and cellular processes. One key mechanism regulating synapse homeostasis involves transport of vesicles within axons and dendrites which is dysregulated in many...
Les travaux de ma thèse montrent la possibilité d’observer, pour la première fois, l’activité des réseaux cellulaires au sein du Noyau Suprachiasmatiques (NSC) de l’hypothalamus au plus profond du cerveau de souris éveillées et non-contraintes, sans stress ni douleur. Nous utilisons ici un microscope de fluorescence miniaturisé au point de pouvoir ...
This thesis proposes theoretical and numerical contributions to perform machine learning and statistics over the space of probability distributions. In a first part, we introduce a new class of neural network architectures to process probability measures in their Lagrangian form (obtained by sampling) as both inputs and outputs, which is characteri...
Optimization algorithms have seen unprecedented growth thanks to their successful applications in fields including engineering and health sciences. Similarly, machine learning has been popularly used in perceptual tasks by both academic and industrial researchers. They are both designed to find solutions for some specific tasks and it is not straig...
Pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience elicited by potentially harmful stimulations to protect the integrity of the body. An endogenous mechanism involving the PAG-RVM modulatory system control pain sensation by filtering nociceptive inputs. A balance between both excitatory and inhibitory influences control nociceptive transmissi...
Les maladies neurodégénératives (telles que les maladies de Parkinson et d’Alzheimer) sont caractérisées par l’agrégation de protéines mal repliées en dépôts insolubles. Ces dépôts engendrent des dysfonctions cellulaires, et semblent donc avoir un rôle fondamental dans le développement de ces pathologies. L’apparition de ces dépôts se fait de façon...
La classification avec option de rejet est un moyen d'aborder le problème de l'estimation de l'incertitude d'un classifieur. Les approches récentes s'attaquant à ce problème utilisent des critères basés sur une mesure, soit, de confiance, soit, de dispersion. Cependant, aucune d'entre elles ne combine explicitement les deux principales sources d'in...
