Published in EBioMedicine
Salmonella causes intracellular infections in humans. Besides quinolones, third generation cephalosporins are first line drugs used for salmonellosis therapy. An unresolved anomaly of this practice involves high relapse rates associated to quinolone- or cephalosporin-susceptible Salmonella isolates in patients that are discharged clinically followi...
Published in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
The transport and targeting of internalized molecules to distinct intracellular organelles/compartments can prove challenging to visualize clearly, which can contribute to some of the difficulties associated with these studies. By combining several approaches, we show how the trafficking and processing of photoreceptor outer segments in the phagoso...
Published in Methods in enzymology
Peroxynitrite (PNT) is a highly reactive oxidant that plays a key role in the destruction of foreign pathogens by specific phagocytic immune cells such as macrophages. However, when its production is dysregulated, this oxidant can contribute to cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, and cancer. To facilitate the detection of PNT in living c...
Published in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
This chapter describes three methods for measuring the bactericidal activity of neutrophils. All utilize colony counting techniques to quantify viable bacteria. A simple "one-step" protocol provides a composite measure of phagocytosis and killing, while a "two-step" protocol that separates extracellular and intracellular bacteria allows calculation...
Published in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Phagosomal ROS generation is critical for our immune defense against microbial infections. Quantitative assessment of phagosomal ROS production is required to understand the complex relationship between the phagocyte and the microbe, in particular for pathogens that resist phagosomal destruction. ROS detection is difficult due to the transient natu...
Published in Psychoneuroendocrinology
Peripheral immune challenge can elicit microglia activation and depression-related symptoms. The balance of inflammatory signals in the tryptophan pathway can skew the activity of indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) towards the metabolization of tryptophan into kynurenine (rather than serotonin), and towards neuroprotective or neurotoxic met...
Published in International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM
Pathogenic mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) have co-evolved with their individual hosts and are able to transform the hostile environment of the macrophage into a permissive cellular habitat. The impact of MTBC genetic variability has long been considered largely unimportant in TB pathogenesis. Members of the MTBC can n...
Published in Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE
Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S . typhimurium bacteria are quickly detected and phagocytized by macrophages, and contained in vesicles known as phagosomes in order to be degraded. Isolation of S. typhimurium -containing phagosomes have bee...
BackgroundPharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1, a receptor for the complement activation proinflammatory fragment, C5a, suppressed pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. To validate that the effect of the antagonist was specifically via C5aR1 inhibition, mice lacking C5aR1 were generated and compared in behavior and...
