Snow cover can be measured from multi-spectral optical images through the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). However, cloud cover affects the acquisition frequency. Radar snow detection offers independence from weather conditions. Despite existing method to detect snow melt [1] or measure snow depth [2], no existing method offers the possibil...
Knowledge of the snow cover may be helpful for environment studies or the management of hydraulic facilities. For instance, the electricity company EDF is daily monitoring hydrological data top optimize hydraulic production and also respect local standards. Indeed, there are environmental and tourism standards about the water level around a hydroel...
An acquisition campaign of the ONERA airborne synthetic aperture radar system RAMSES have been set up on the Greenland ice-shelf to assess the detectability of buried objects and subsurface feature through dry snow/ice cover. Three band were investigated UHF band, L band and X band, forecasting a better penetration at lower band, but an higher rada...
The accuracy of hydrological predictions in snow-dominated regions deeply depends on the quality of the snowpack simulations, with dynamics that strongly affect the local hydrological regime, especially during the melting period. With the aim of reducing the modelling uncertainty, data assimilation techniques are increasingly being implemented for ...
Several snowmodels have been developed with different degrees of complexity (Essery et al. 2013).Goal: physically based snowmodel designed to be:•suited to real time hydrological applications;•coupled with a multivariable DA scheme → limited modelcomplexity.
Cet article présente une vue d'ensemble des avancées récentes en télédétection spatiale appliquée à l'étude des surfaces enneigées et englacées auxquelles la communauté scientifique française a participé. Qu'ils s'agissent de données satellitaires optique, radar, lidar ou gravimétrique, ces travaux sur la couverture nivale saisonnière ou pérenne, l...
Realistic projection of future climate-carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and an improved representation of the C cycle in permafrost regions in the current generation of Earth system models. Here we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) and responses to historical clim...
Microtomography can measure the X-ray attenuation coefficient in a 3-D volume of snow with a spatial resolution of a few microns. In order to extract quantitative characteristics of the microstructure, such as the specific surface area (SSA), from these data, the greyscale image first needs to be segmented into a binary image of ice and air. Differ...
