Background The routine measurement of gastric residual volume to guide the initiation and delivery of enteral feeding is widespread in paediatric intensive care and neonatal units, but has little underlying evidence to support it. Objective To answer the question: is a trial of no gastric residual volume measurement feasible in UK paediatric intens...
Introduction Nepal has made considerable progress on improving child survival during the Millennium Development Goal period, however, further progress will require accelerated reduction in neonatal mortality. Neonatal survival is one of the priorities for Sustainable Development Goals 2030. This paper examines the trends, equity gaps and factors as...
Published in Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)
In stage 1 of the study (development of an intervention package), the research evidence was reviewed and parents whose babies previously cried excessively and NHS health visitors (HVs) and specialist community public health nurses (SCPHNs) were involved to develop evidence-based support materials. These included a website, a printed booklet and sup...
Published in BMC Public Health
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, socioeconomic factors such as place of residence, mother’s educational level, or household wealth, are strongly associated with risk factors of under-five mortality (U5M) such as health behavior or exposure to diseases and injuries. The aim of the study was to assess the relative contribution of four known socioecon...
Throughout 2018, the publications of the AJRCCM and associated ATS journals have continued to focus on the individual and societal impact of asthma and the challenges involved in managing this prevalent, but heterogeneous, condition. Asthma remains the most common chronic respiratory condition with ongoing significant unmet need at all levels of se...
BACKGROUND: Human milk (HM) transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is critical for inflammation regulation and oral tolerance promotion. Previous reports suggested that variations in HM TGF-β levels are associated with allergic outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017069920) to reassess the evidence on the rela...
Published in Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is defined by signs and symptoms of withdrawal that infants develop after intrauterine maternal drug exposure. All infants with documented in utero opioid exposure, or a high pre-test probability of exposure should have monitoring with a standard assessment instrument such as a Finnegan Score. A Finnegan score of >8 is ...
Although therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy (NE), the safety and efficacy of preemptive opioid sedation during cooling therapy is unclear. We performed a secondary analysis of the data from a large multicountry prospective observational study (Magnetic Resonance Biomarkers in Neonatal Encephalopathy [MARBLE...
Published in Intensive Care Medicine
PurposeHigh-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is increasingly proposed as first-line respiratory support for infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). Most teams use 2 L/kg/min, but no study compared different flow rates in this setting. We hypothesized that 3 L/kg/min would be more efficient for the initial management of these patients.Methods...
Background We investigated whether adding community scheduled malaria screening and treatment (CSST) with artemether-lumefantrine by community health workers (CHWs) to standard intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) would improve maternal and infant health. Methods In this 2-arm cluster-randomized, c...
