BACKGROUND: Early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation at the time of primary HIV-1 infection could restrict the establishment of HIV reservoirs. We aimed to assess the effect of a cART regimen intensified with raltegravir and maraviroc, compared with standard triple-drug cART, on HIV-DNA load. METHODS: In this randomised, open-labe...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The posttreatment controllers (PTCs), as described for the Viro-Immunological Sustained COntrol after Treatment Interruption patients, are able to maintain durable HIV control after interruption of early antiretroviral therapy (ART). They are different from spontaneous HIV controllers who achieve HIV control without prior ART. PT...
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BACKGROUND: Although HIV controllers (HICs) achieve long-term control of viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), they display marked immune activation. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers in HICs and the biomarkers' relationships with immunologic and virologic status have yet to be fully characterized. DESIGN: A cohort study. METH...
CD8(+) T cell responses are thought to play an important role during HIV infection, particularly in HIV controllers (HIC) in whom viral replication is spontaneously controlled without any treatment. We have demonstrated that CD8(+) T cells from these subjects are able to suppress viral replication in vitro. In parallel, HIV-specific CD8(+) response...
Macrophages are a major target cell for HIV-1, and their infection contributes to HIV pathogenesis. We have previously shown that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 inhibits the replication of HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses in human monocyte-derived macrophages by impairing reverse transcription of the viral genome. In the attempt to u...
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces HIV-associated morbidities and mortalities but cannot cure the infection. Given the difficulty of eradicating HIV-1, a functional cure for HIV-infected patients appears to be a more reachable short-term goal. We identified 14 HIV patients (post-treatment controllers [PTCs]) whose viremia remained co...
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The strong CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV-1-suppressive capacity found in a minority of HIV-infected patients in chronic infection is associated with spontaneous control of viremia. However, it is still unclear whether such capacities were also present earlier in the CD8+ T cells from non controller patients and then lost as a consequence of uncontrolled...
NKG2D mediates an important costimulatory pathway in CD8 T cells. In HIV infection, the authors found that NKG2D expression on both total CD8 and HIV-specific CD8 T cells was significantly lower in viremic patients than in HIV controllers. Antiretroviral therapy partially restored NKG2D expression on HIV-specific CD8 T cells. The authors observed a...
