La couronne d'un arbre résulte de l'apparition répétée d'éléments végétatifs (métamères, axes) et reproducteurs, et de leur disparition. L'apparition et la disparition de ces éléments sont conditionnées par des facteurs architecturaux, environnementaux et d'éventuelles manipulations humaines. En particulier, la taille des arbres fruitiers est connu...
1. Identifying and quantifying factors that influence tree growth are crucial issues to ensure sustainable forest management, particularly in moist tropical forests. Tree growth depends on several factors comprising ontogenic stage, competition by neighbours and environmental conditions. Several studies have focused on one or two of them, but very ...
Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are located in regions currently experiencing periods of water shortage, where fertilizers such as potassium (K) are intensively used to achieve high productivity. In a changing environment, improving our understanding of the effects of K nutrition on tree growth rates and xylem plasticity across tree ages as a...
Heat and drought stresses have become more frequent and intense in the Mediterranean, strongly influencing arable crop phenology, growth, and grain yield. Agroforestry systems can effectively buffer the adverse climate conditions and stabilize or even increase crop yield under climate change. However, the positive effects of agroforestry remain unc...
Plant epigenetic regulations are involved in transposable element silencing, developmental processes and responses to the environment. They often involve modifications of DNA methylation, particularly through the DEMETER (DME) demethylase family and RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM)8. Root nodules host rhizobia that can fix atmospheric nitrogen ...
Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum [Willd. ex Sprengel] Schumann) seeds constitute the raw material for oil extraction and fabrication of cupulate (product similar to chocolate). However, fungal diseases such as witches' broom caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa have interfered with the large-scale development of cupuassu plantations. Cupuassu geneti...
Eucalyptus plantations are already planted in - or expanding to - water-limited regions with a high risk of severe drought. In future drier and more variable climate including extreme events, the ability of trees to recover after severe droughts emerges as a crucial for the sustainability of forest plantations. An original experiment involving 80% ...
Sexual differentiation of inflorescences and flowers is important for reproduction and affects crop plant productivity. We report here on a molecular study of the process of sexual differentiation in the immature inflorescence of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). This species is monoecious and exhibits gender diphasy, producing male and female inflores...
En 2017, l'Association Réunionnaise de Pastoralisme et le CIRAD ont mis en place un observatoire de la croissance de l'herbe couvrant les trois principales zones de pâturage de l'île de la Réunion. Ce dispositif vise à mieux appréhender la dynamique saisonnière de la pousse de l'herbe, dans des secteurs où les profils de croissance s'avèrent très v...
Several abiotic factors influence the chemical composition of essential oils. Understanding these factors is an important step in developing quality products that meet market demands. This research work aims to study the chemical composition of the essential oils of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata, forma genuina) according to the maturity of flowers. ...
