Auriol, Emmanuelle Biancini, Sara Paillacar, Rodrigo
The paper proposes an empirical analysis of the determinants of the adoption of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and their impact on innovation in manufacturing. The analysis is conducted with panel data covering 112 countries. First we show that IPR protection is U-shaped with respect to a country’s market size and inverse-U-shaped with respect ...
Cui, Can Guan, Dabo Wang, Daoping Meng, Jing Chemutai, Vicky Brenton, Paul Zhang, Shaohui Shan, Yuli Zhang, Qiang Davis, Steven J
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International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g. the EU and the USA) and/or the largest populations (e.g. China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of...
Perier, Celine Nasinghe, Emmanuel Charles, Isabelle Ssetaba, Leoson Junior Ahyong, Vida Bangs, Derek Beatty, P Robert Czudnochowski, Nadine Diallo, Amy Dugan, Eli
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Science education and research have the potential to drive profound change in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through encouraging innovation, attracting industry, and creating job opportunities. However, in LMICs, research capacity is often limited, and acquisition of funding and access to state-of-the-art technologies is challenging. The ...
Stolbrink, M Chinouya, MJ Jayasooriya, S Nightingale, R Evans-Hill, L Allan, K Allen, H Balen, J Beacon, T Bissell, K
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Funder: Medical Research Council / BACKGROUND: Access to affordable inhaled medicines for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) is severely limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing avoidable morbidity and mortality. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease convened a stakeholder meeting on this topic in Februa...
Griswold, Dylan Venturini, Sara Carney, Nancy Rubiano, Andres M Hutchinson, Peter John Kolias, Angelos G
Introduction
Nearly every field of medicine has some form of clinical practice guidelines. However, only within the past 5-10 years has the medical community acknowledged the need for well-developed guidelines tailored to the local healthcare needs and the resources available. In most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), healthcare worker...
Smith, Brandon G Whiffin, Charlotte J Esene, Ignatius N Karekezi, Claire Bashford, Tom Mukhtar Khan, Muhammad Fontoura Solla, Davi J Indira Devi, Bhagavatula Paiva, Wellingson S Servadei, Franco
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Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the greatest burden. Significant differences in neurotrauma outcomes are recognised between LMICs and high-income countries. However, outcome data is not consistently nor reliably recorded in either setting, thus the true burden ...
Neves, Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Vaz, Juliana S Ricardo, Luiza IC Armenta-Paulino, Nancy N Barros, Aluísio JD Richter, Linda Rollins, Nigel Peréz-Escamilla, Rafael
BACKGROUND: Early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) reduces the risk of neonatal mortality. However, only 45% of newborns are breast-fed within the first hour after birth and prelacteal feeding (PLF) is widely prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE: To assess within- and between-country disparities in EIBF and PLF practi...
Roberts, Heather J Coss, Nathan Urva, Mayur Haonga, Billy Woolley, Pierre-Marie Banskota, Bibek Morshed, Saam Shearer, David W Sabharwal, Sanjeev
BackgroundInternational orthopaedic resident rotations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are gaining popularity among high-income country (HIC) residency programs. While evidence demonstrates a benefit for the visiting residents, few studies have evaluated the impact of such rotations on the orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in LMICs. The ...
Garashi, Hamza Y H j m
Background - Pharmacovigilance (PV) plays a vital role in ensuring medicines' safety. Differences among countries in the incidence, pattern, and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) mean that it is essential for each country to have a PV system. Although PV is generally well established in developed nations, it remains underdeveloped in a numb...
Smith, Lee Pizzol, Damiano López Sánchez, Guillermo F Kostev, Karel Oh, Hans Jacob, Louis Veronese, Nicola Underwood, Benjamin R Butler, Laurie Barnett, Yvonne
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There is a small body of evidence suggesting that unclean cooking fuel use may be associated with cognitive decline. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between unclean cooking fuel and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, we investigated the association between cooking fuel type or ventilation type and MCI among adults ag...