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Analysis of a pharmaceutical batch freeze dryer : resource consumption, hotspots, and factors for potential improvement

Whilst freeze drying is known by its high energy requirements, few studies have been conducted assessing the efficiency of freeze dryers, specially related pharmaceuticals. A quantitative analysis is conducted on a batch freeze dryer used for biopharmaceuticals, aiming to know the process efficiency and to identify the components having the highest...

Effects of wetting and drying cycles on autochtonous colloid mobilization in undisturbed soils

Effects of wetting and drying cycles on autochtonous soil colloid mobilization

Effects of wetting and drying cycles on in situ soil particle mobilization

Understanding particle mobilization and transport in soils is a major concern for environmental protection and water resource management as they can act as vectors for sorbing pollutants. In natural soils, the existence of a finite size and renewable pool of dispersible particles has been hypothesized. Even though freeze-thaw and wetting-drying cyc...