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Seizures of illicit substances for personal use in two Italian provinces: analysis of trends by type and purity from 200...

Published in Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

BackgroundThe use of illicit substances represents one of the most difficult problems to confront in the health system. Drug use is a global problem but is not uniform throughout the world, within the same country and changes over time. Therefore, knowing the illicit substances that are used in a territory is essential to better organize health ser...

Cocaine use disorder in females is associated with altered social decision-making: a study with the prisoner’s dilemma a...

Published in BMC Psychiatry

BackgroundChronic cocaine use is associated with cognitive deficits, including poor performance on neuropsychological tasks of memory, executive functions, theory of mind and decision-making. However, the relationship between cocaine use disorder and social decision-making remains unclear. This is particularly relevant given the fact that many coca...

Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients: retrospective study of the impact on outcomes

Published in Burns & Trauma

BackgroundSubstance use, alcohol use, and smoking use have all been associated with burn injury. Few studies have investigated associations with substances, alcohol, smoking, inhalational only burns, and patient outcomes. The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary failure in patients suffering inhalation injury, focusing on...

Contemporary decongestant practices of Canadian otolaryngologists for endoscopic sinus surgery

Published in Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

BackgroundCocaine has traditionally been the topical decongestant most frequently used for visualization of the surgical field in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS). Alternatives include xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, and epinephrine. The understanding of the safety profile of each agent is changing, as are the practices of Otolaryngologists-Head & Nec...

Hepatopathien und Drogenkonsum

Published in Rechtsmedizin

Hepatopathien bei Drogenmissbrauch umfassen ein breites Spektrum an Veränderungen. Die direkten substanzspezifischen Schädigungen der gängigen missbräuchlich konsumierten Drogen sind i. Allg. als gering einzuschätzen. Problematisch sind allerdings der vielfach gleichzeitige Konsum von Alkohol und Infektionen bei i.v.-Missbrauch mit den bekannten Le...

Utilization of addiction treatment among U.S. adults with history of incarceration and substance use disorders

Published in Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

BackgroundThe high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among incarcerated adults in the U.S. is well-known, but there has been less examination of SUD treatment and rates of incarceration among the population of adults with SUDs as the denominator. The current study uses a population-based sample to address three questions: (1) What is the...

Neuronal scaffolding protein spinophilin is integral for cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and ERK1/2 activation

Published in Molecular Brain

Spinophilin is a scaffolding protein enriched in dendritic spines with integral roles in the regulation of spine density and morphology, and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. The ability of spinophilin to alter synaptic strength appears to involve its scaffolding of key synaptic proteins, including the important structural element F-actin, AMP...

Tropane alkaloids: chemistry, pharmacology, biosynthesis and production

Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs h...

Pulmonale histopathologische Befunde bei Drogenkonsum

Published in Rechtsmedizin

Pulmonale mikroskopische Befunde beim Drogenkonsum sind seit Jahren bekannt und in der Literatur beschrieben: das toxische Lungenödem, fokale nur mikroskopisch nachweisbare Ablagerungen von Siderin bzw. Siderophagen im pulmonalen Interstitium und die pulmonale Granulomatose (sog. Fixer-Pneumopathie). Beim exzessiven Inhalieren von Kokain können Bef...