The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has triggered legal and ethical concerns, especially regarding the unauthorized use of copyrighted materials in their training datasets. This has led to lawsuits against tech companies accused of using protected content without permission. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to detect whether specific do...
In 1977, Michael Lipton introduced the Urban Bias Thesis as a framework for understanding how most economic policy initiatives have contributed to the overdevelopment of urban areas and the underdevelopment of rural areas. In Latin America, there has historically been a positive correlation between urbanization and mortality decline, as the region’...
Demand characteristics refer to cues that can inform participants in experiments about the hypothesis and influence their behavior. They lead researchers to erroneously infer non-existing effects, undermining the experimental integrity of empirical studies. Despite a widespread acknowledgment of their confounding influence in experimental psycholog...
The entrustment framework redirects assessment from considering only trainees competence to decision-making about their readiness to perform clinical tasks independently. Since trainees and supervisors both contribute to entrustment decisions, we examined the cognitive and affective factors that underly their negotiation of trust, and whether train...
Our article AI, cultural heritage, and bias examines the challenges and potential solutions for using machine learning to interpret and classify human memory and cultural heritage artifacts. We argue that bias is inherent in cultural heritage collections (CHCs) and their digital versions and that AI pipelines may amplify this bias. We hypothesise t...
This study investigates how local and national news media outlets — particularly the Associated Press, CNN, the Florida Times-Union, and News4Jax — presented the “Dollar General Shooting” in Jacksonville, Florida on and after August 26, 2023. Far-reaching expectations for journalists call for “objective” observation and reporting, an ideal that is ...
BACKGROUND: COPD is a common, preventable and treatable airway disease, and is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. About one billion people worldwide are estimated to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is common among people with COPD, and has been reported to be associated with reduced lung function ...
Argumentation theory examines how conclusions are derived or refuted through logical reasoning, playing a crucial role in human interaction and decision-making. In artificial intelligence, computational argumentation leverages formal models to aid in decision-making processes. This paper investigates the influence of argument content (specifically ...
This article reviews the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to accurately predict public opinion. Through a meta-analysis of recent research, we evaluate metrics such as accuracy, correlation, and bias to assess the implications for survey-based social science.Our findings indicate that LLMs demonstrate high accuracy in predicting demographic...
Published in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology
This commentary examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic science, highlighting its benefits in enhancing accuracy and efficiency across a number of forensic disciplines, including medicine, anthropology, forensics, and taphonomy. However its use, also raises concerns about privacy, data protection, bias, fairness, and the reliab...
