The structure of hydrogen-enriched methane-air flames in a Bunsen burner at low turbulence is investigated using OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). Three flames are investigated at identical unstretched laminar flame speeds and turbulence conditions, while hydrogen enrichment is varied up to 70% by volume. An increase in global flame cons...
Hydrogen is a promising zero-carbon fuel for decarbonized energy and transportation sectors. While carbon emission is not a concern for hydrogen combustion, its higher adiabatic flame temperature poses challenges of mitigating thermal NOx emissions. The wide flammability limits of hydrogen allow a fuel-lean operation, which can reduce NOx emissions...
Spin selective catalysis is an emerging approach for improving the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. The role of electron spins has been scarcely studied in catalytic reactions. One exception is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) where strongly correlated metals and oxides are used as catalysts. In OER, spin alignment facilitates the trans...
Agricultural innovation is pivotal for enabling cleaner production within the sector. Nonetheless, smallholder farmers in the Global South encounter functional and psychological challenges impeding innovation adoption efforts. Existing literature tends to narrowly focus on common barriers associated with individual innovations, often limiting the b...
The vertebrate body forms by addition of new tissues at the posterior end. This elongates the body axis, allowing continued anterior segmentation to produce the stereotypic body plan. This balance requires the elongation speed to be constrained. Here we utilised modeling and tissue force microscopy on chicken embryos to show that cell density of th...
The oxidation of small particles (size 200 μm) of char from oak has been studied, by adding a small batch of them to an electrically heated bed of inert, silica sand, fluidised by mixtures of O2 and N2. The concentrations of CO, CO2, and O2, in the off-gases from the bed were continuously monitored, enabling the rate of combustion and also the frac...
We analyze 3D reconstructed surfaces based on previously reported high frequency measurements of flame edge location across expanding flames using Mie scatter. For the first time, principal curvatures of flame surfaces are estimated from eigenvalues of the second fundamental forms of the reconstructed surfaces, allowing the determination of the sta...
Many elastic systems localize under applied displacement, precipitating into regions of lower and higher strain; further displacement is accommodated by growth of the high strain region at a constant load. Such systems can be studied as propagating instabilities, focusing on the work required to propagate the high strain region, or as two-phase ene...
This paper investigates the theoretical capability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems to accurately measure changes in the oxidation state of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO) alongside the hemoglobins, for a deeper understanding of NIRS limitations. Concentration changes of oxy and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO and HbR) indicate the oxygen stat...
Electrochemical carbon dioxide capture is emerging as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional carbon capture technology. In particular, redox-active molecules that can capture carbon dioxide when electrochemically reduced and release carbon dioxide when electrochemically re-oxidized are under active development. To prepare a carbon capture d...
