Agbor, Larry N. Elased, Khalid M. Walker, Mary K.
Published in
Biochemical Pharmacology
Hypotension in aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout mice ( ahr −/−) is mediated, in part, by a reduced contribution of angiotensin (Ang) II to basal blood pressure (BP). Since AHR is highly expressed in endothelial cells (EC), we hypothesized that EC-specific ahr −/− (EC ahr −/−) mice would exhibit a similar phenotype. We generated EC ahr −/− mice by...
Novick, Rachel M. Vezina, Chad M. Elfarra, Adnan A.
Published in
Biochemical Pharmacology
Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) expression in male mouse liver is altered after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure or castration. Because TCDD is slowly eliminated from the body, we examined hepatic Fmo mRNA alterations for up to 32 days following 10 or 64 μg/kg TCDD exposure by oral gavage in male C57BL/6J mice. Fmo2 mRNA w...
Cooke, P.S. Simon, L. Cimafranca, M.A. Gore, A.C. Crews, D.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
Many natural and synthetic chemicals can alter endocrine signaling by mimicking or inhibiting the actions of endogenous hormones. These chemicals, now commonly referred to as endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can alter male reproductive tract development and function by effects on the estrogen, androgen, thyroid hormone...
Luch, A. Baird, W.M.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed upon incomplete combustion of organic matter. Due to the abundant use of fossil energy sources, PAHs are readily detectable as ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. The great interest in this group of chemicals originated on the observation in animal tumor models that some member compounds po...
Pollenz, R.S.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
The family of bHLH/PAS proteins includes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α). These proteins are transcription factors that play essential roles in the adaptive response of organisms to various environmental and chemical signals. Thus, it is not surprising...
Cauvi, D.M. Pollard, K.M. Hultman, P.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
Animal models of autoimmunity fall into four categories: (1) those induced by immunization with self-antigen, (2) those induced by exogenous agents including drugs, biologicals, environmental agents, and microbes, (3) those that arise spontaneously, and (4) those that are produced by genetic manipulation (homologous recombination, transgenics). The...
Recio, L. Cunningham, M.J.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
The Human Genome Project and Genomic Sciences have not only produced valuable insights into the workings of the genome but have produced a wealth of tools. These tools are enabling a detailed analysis of the expression of the complete set of genes encoded in the genome, from the fine detail of the DNA sequence to the transcription of genes to mRNA ...
Weber, T.J.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
The regulation of protein kinase activity by toxicological agents plays an important role in pathophysiological processes. Many toxicants exhibit different toxicological profiles at low and high concentrations and the regulation of protein kinases often follow these trends – showing increased or decreased kinase activity as a function of toxicant c...
Grant, R.L. Combs, A.B. Acosta, D. Jr.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
Experimental scientific models are used to understand toxicological mechanisms. An experimental scientific model can be defined as an entity that represents or is patterned after the biochemical, cellular, molecular, or physiologic processes that are affected following exposure to toxicants. Models have long been used by scientists to understand th...
Ramos, K.S.
Published in
Comprehensive Toxicology
Molecular toxicology is an area of specialization within the field of toxicology concerned with unraveling the molecular basis of the biological response to harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents. Historically, the emphasis has been on chemical and physical agents. More recently, concerns with biological warfare and food contamination hav...
