Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
SARS-CoV-2 encodes three putative ion channels: E, 8a, and 3a. In related SARS-CoV-1, 3a is implicated in viral release, inflammasome activation, and cell death and its deletion reduces viral titer and morbidity in animal models, suggesting 3a-targeted therapeutics could treat SARS and COVID-19. However, the structural basis for the function of 3a ...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Single-cell RNA sequencing studies requiring intracellular protein staining, rare-cell sorting, or pathogen inactivation are severely limited because current high-throughput methods are incompatible with paraformaldehyde treatment, a very common and simple tissue/cell fixation and preservation technique. Here we present FD-seq, a high-throughput me...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, was quickly identified as the cause of COVID-19 disease soon after its earliest reports. The knowledge of the contemporary evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed not only for a retrospective on how, when, and why COVID-19 has emerged and spread, but also for creating remedies through ...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Patients with chronic lung disease have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and poor outcomes. To identify molecular characteristics of diseased lung epithelial and immune cells that may account for worse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with chronic lung diseases. We analyzed the transcriptomes of 605,904 single cells isola...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is an abundant RNA binding protein that plays a variety of roles in the viral life cycle including replication, transcription, and genome packaging. Despite its critical and multifunctional nature, the molecular details that underlie how N protein mediates these functions are poorly understood. Here we combin...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
The evolution of circulating viruses is shaped by their need to evade the adaptive immune system. The spike protein which mediates entry to the host cell is the main target of antibody response. Because of the dense presentation of spikes on the viral surface, not all antigenic sites are targeted equally by antibodies, leading to complex immunodomi...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Viruses rely on the host translation machinery to synthesize their own proteins. Consequently, they have evolved varied mechanisms to co-opt host translation for their survival. SARS-CoV-2 relies on a non-structural protein, NSP1, for shutting down host translation. Despite this, it is currently unknown how viral proteins and host factors critical ...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monola...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
T cells are involved in control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To establish the patterns of immunodominance of different SARS-CoV-2 antigens, and precisely measure virus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, we studied epitope-specific T cell responses of approximately 100 convalescent COVID-19 cases. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome was probed using 1,925 peptides s...
Published in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 mediates entry into human cells by interacting with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here, we report identification of CD209L/L-SIGN and a related protein, CD209/DSIGN as alternative receptors capable of mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells. Immunofluo...
