Papachatzis, Nikolaos Ray, Samuel F Takahashi, Kota Z
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Foot structures define the leverage in which the ankle muscles push off against the ground during locomotion. While prior studies have indicated that inter-individual variations in anthropometry (e.g., heel and hallux lengths) can directly affect force production of ankle plantar flexor muscles, its effect on the metabolic energy cost of locomotion...
Diaz, Kelimar Erickson, Eva Chong, Baxi Soto, Daniel Goldman, Daniel I
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Centipedes coordinate body and limb flexion to generate propulsion. On flat, solid surfaces, the limb-stepping patterns can be characterized according to the direction in which limb-aggregates propagate, opposite to (retrograde) or with the direction of motion (direct). It is unknown how limb and body dynamics are modified in terrain with terradyna...
Rivi, Veronica Benatti, Cristina Rigillo, Giovanna Blom, Joan M C
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide a condensed chronicle of the contribution offered by mollusks to the studies on how and where the nervous system encodes and stores memory and describe the rich cognitive capabilit...
Flensburg, Sarah B Garm, Anders Funch, Peter
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Sponges (phylum Porifera) are metazoans which lack muscles and nerve cells, yet perform coordinated behaviours such as whole-body contractions. Previous studies indicate diurnal variability in both the number of contractions and the expression of circadian clock genes. Here, we show that diurnal patterns are present in the contraction-expansion beh...
Oberhauser, Felix B Bogenberger, Katharina Czaczkes, Tomer J
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
The temporal order in which experiences occur can have a profound influence on their salience. Humans and other vertebrates usually memorise the first and last items of a list most readily. Studies on serial position learning in insects, mainly in bees, showed preference for last encountered items. In bees, pheromone presence can also influence mot...
Bryla, Amadeusz Zagkle, Elisavet Sadowska, Edyta T Cichoń, Mariusz Bauchinger, Ulf
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Eco-immunology considers resistance to antigens a costly trait for an organism, but actual quantification of such costs is not straightforward. Costs of the immune response are visible in impaired coloration and reduced growth or reproductive success. Activation of the humoral immune response is a slow, complex and long-lasting process, which makes...
Thompson, Stuart H Anselmi, Chiara Ishizuka, Katherine J Palmeri, Karla J Voskoboynik, Ayelet
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
We studied the function, development and aging of the adult nervous system in the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri. Adults, termed zooids, are filter-feeding individuals. Sister zooids group together to form modules, and modules, in turn, are linked by a shared vascular network to form a well-integrated colony. Zooids undergo a weekly cycle o...
DeLiberto, Amanda N Drown, Melissa K Ehrlich, Moritz A Oleksiak, Marjorie F Crawford, Douglas L
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Physiology defines individual responses to global climate change and species distributions across environments. Physiological responses are driven by temperature on three time scales: acute, acclimatory and evolutionary. Acutely, passive temperature effects often dictate an expected 2-fold increase in metabolic processes for every 10°C change in te...
Abe, Maiko Kamiyama, Takumi Izumi, Yasushi Qian, Qingyin Yoshihashi, Yuma Degawa, Yousuke Watanabe, Kaori Hattori, Yukako Uemura, Tadashi Niwa, Ryusuke
...
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Organisms can generally be divided into two nutritional groups: generalists that consume various types of food and specialists that consume specific types of food. However, it remains unclear how specialists adapt to only limited nutritional conditions in nature. In this study, we addressed this question by focusing on Drosophila fruit flies. The g...
Costello, Leah M García-Párraga, Daniel Crespo-Picazo, Jose Luis Codd, Jonathan R Shiels, Holly A Joyce, William
Published in
The Journal of experimental biology
Contraction of atrial smooth muscle in the hearts of semi-aquatic emydid turtles regulates ventricular filling, and it has been proposed that it could regulate stroke volume during characteristic rapid transitions in cardiac output associated with diving. For this hypothesis to be supported, atrial smooth muscle should be widely distributed in divi...
