Cingöz, Oya Arnow, Nicolas D. Puig Torrents, Mireia Bannert, Norbert
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundThe genomes of HIV-2 and some SIV strains contain the accessory gene vpx, which carries out several functions during infection, including the downregulation of SAMHD1. Vpx is also commonly used in experiments to increase HIV-1 infection efficiency in myeloid cells, particularly in studies that investigate the activation of antiviral pathw...
Chang, Le Ou, Shanhai Shan, Zhengang Zhu, Faming Ji, Huimin Rong, Xia Guo, Fei Jiang, Xinyi Sun, Huizhen Yan, Ying
...
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundSo far, the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2 in some highly populated countries such as China is still unknown. In this study, a multi-center nationwide serological survey was designed and performed, to reveal the seroprevalence of HTLV infection among Chinese blood donors.ResultsAmong 8,411,469 blood donors fr...
Alamer, Edrous Zhong, Chaojie Hajnik, Renee Soong, Lynn Hu, Haitao
Published in
Retrovirology
Following reverse transcription, HIV viral DNA is integrated into host cell genomes and establishes a stable latent infection, which has posed a major obstacle for obtaining a cure for HIV. HIV proviral transcription is regulated in cellular reservoirs by complex host epigenetic and transcriptional machineries. The Bromodomain (BD) and Extra-Termin...
Einsiedel, Lloyd Chiong, Fabian Jersmann, Hubertus Taylor, Graham P.
Published in
Retrovirology
The lung is one of several organs that can be affected by HTLV-1 mediated inflammation. Pulmonary inflammation associated with HTLV-1 infection involves the interstitium, airways and alveoli, resulting in several clinical entities including interstitial pneumonias, bronchiolitis and alveolitis, depending on which structures are most affected. Augme...
Vollbrecht, Thomas Angerstein, Aaron O. Menke, Bryson Kumar, Nikesh M. de Oliveira, Michelli Faria Richman, Douglas D. Guatelli, John C.
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundA reservoir of replication-competent but latent virus is the main obstacle to a cure for HIV-1 infection. Much of this reservoir resides in memory CD4 T cells. We hypothesized that these cells can be reactivated with antigens from HIV-1 and other common pathogens to reverse latency.ResultsWe obtained mononuclear cells from the peripheral ...
Rai, Mohammad A. Hammonds, Jason Pujato, Mario Mayhew, Christopher Roskin, Krishna Spearman, Paul
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundHIV associated neurocognitive disorders cause significant morbidity and mortality despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A deeper understanding of fundamental mechanisms underlying HIV infection and pathogenesis in the central nervous system is warranted. Microglia are resident myeloid cells of the brain that are read...
Zheng, HaoQiang Pan, Yi Tang, Shaohua Pye, Geoffrey W. Stadler, Cynthia K. Vogelnest, Larry Herrin, Kimberly Vinette Rideout, Bruce A. Switzer, William M.
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundKoalas are infected with the koala retrovirus (KoRV) that exists as exogenous or endogenous viruses. KoRV is genetically diverse with co-infection with up to ten envelope subtypes (A-J) possible; KoRV-A is the prototype endogenous form. KoRV-B, first found in a small number of koalas with an increased leukemia prevalence at one US zoo, ha...
Kiros, Mulugeta Alemayehu, Dawit Hailu Geberekidan, Eleni Mihret, Adane Maier, Melanie Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku Mulu, Andargachew
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundThe development of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is becoming an obstacle to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Besides, data from developing settings including Ethiopia is still limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess HIV-1 genetic diversity and PDR mutations among ART-naive recently diagnosed HIV-1 infected indi...
Auld, Sara C. Staitieh, Bashar S.
Published in
Retrovirology
As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set the stage for subsequent contr...
Kishimoto, Naoki Yamamoto, Kengo Iga, Nozomi Kirihara, Chie Abe, Towa Takamune, Nobutoki Misumi, Shogo
Published in
Retrovirology
BackgroundA protein exhibiting more than one biochemical function is termed a moonlighting protein. Glycolytic enzymes are typical moonlighting proteins, and these enzymes control the infection of various viruses. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) are incorporated into human immun...