Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Advances across the chemical and biological (life) sciences are increasingly enabled by ideas and tools from sectors outside these disciplines, with information and communication technologies playing a key role across 21st century scientific development. In the face of rapid technological change, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Wea...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
The Chemical Weapons Convention is a science-based international treaty for the disarmament and non-proliferation of chemical weapons. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) serves as its implementing body. The treaty bans chemicals weapons, includes a verification mechanism to monitor compliance, and requires scientific an...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international disarmament treaty that prohibits the development, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. This treaty has 193 States Parties (nations for which the treaty is binding) and entered into force in 1997. The CWC contains schedules of chemicals that have been associated with chemical warfare pro...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Lakes, rivers, estuaries and ocean waters control many important natural functions at the regional-global level. Hence, integrative and frequent long-term water monitoring is required globally. This paper describes the main features and innovations of a low-cost monitoring buoys network (MBN) deployed in a temperate region of Argentina. The MBN was...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
The term Incapacitating Chemical Agents (or Incapacitants) was chosen to describe different classes of chemical warfare agents that were being developed in the 1950s. This article considers some of the types of chemicals and their properties that have been discussed more recently under the terminology of Incapacitating Chemical Agents, including op...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine of the USA, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Brazilian Chemical Society held a workshop: “Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security”, in Rio de Jane...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Stand-off detection of airborne chemical compounds has proven to be a useful method that is gaining popularity following technical progress. There are obvious advantages compared to in situ measurements when it comes to the security aspect and the ability to measure at locations otherwise hard to reach. However, an inherent limitation in many of th...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Examples of existing and emerging wearable sensors for chemical and biological threat agents are reviewed and essential enabling developments identified. Wearables are described as inward looking sensors (self-monitoring) and outward looking sensors (environmental sensors). The future potential for wearable sensors, expected capabilities, and key c...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
The OPCW Member states cover 98% of the global population and landmass. Regrettably, unanticipated chemical warfare agent assaults are reported during the last decades. In addition to the frequent threat situation, the sampling of bio-medical samples from these areas is critical and mainly depends on investigation opportunities of victims. Non-cont...
Published in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Collecting water samples in remote or dangerous places can help identify chemical spills, discover clandestine weapons production, or determine if there has been natural or human-caused biological contamination of waterways. These collections can be expensive or put humans at risk due to the nature of the locale or the detection target. Such sample...
