Kalkach Aparicio, Mariel Lazaridis, Christos
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Providers of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) face clinical and ethical challenges that could be lessened by becoming acquainted with the subjective and objective aspects of consciousness. A first step to improving DoC taxonomies, management, and outcomes might be to recognize the shortcomings of the medical concept of consciousness a...
Arciniegas, David B Gurin, Lindsey J Zhang, Bei
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Understanding the structural and functional neuroanatomy of core consciousness (ie, wakefulness and awareness) is an asset to clinicians caring for persons with disorders of consciousness. This article provides a primer on the structural and functional neuroanatomy of wakefulness and awareness. The neuroanatomical structures supporting these elemen...
Eapen, Blessen C
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Young, Michael J
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Patients with disorders of consciousness who survive to discharge following severe acute brain injury may face profoundly complex medical, ethical, and psychosocial challenges during their courses of recovery and rehabilitation. Although issues encountered in caring for such patients during acute hospitalization have received substantial attention,...
Kothari, Sunil Zhang, Bei
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Shapiro-Rosenbaum, Amy Jaffe, Michelle P
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Evolving knowledge highlights the deleterious effects of caregiving on the emotional, psychosocial, and financial well-being of caregivers of persons with disorders of consciousness (DoC). Current practice guidelines and minimal competency recommendations emphasize the importance of identifying and addressing DoC caregiver needs. This article serve...
Golden, Katherine Bodien, Yelena G Giacino, Joseph T
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
In this article, we discuss the taxonomy associated with the four major disorders of consciousness (DoC): coma, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, and post-traumatic confusional state. We briefly review the history of each disorder and then provide operational definitions and diagnostic criteria for ea...
Appel, Amanda Spier, Eric
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Despite the evolving practice of brain injury medicine, consciousness remains enigmatic. Most patients with disorders of consciousness have disordered sleep and return of normal sleep architecture is essential to the emergence of consciousness and the healing brain. In this article we lay a framework for understanding the emergence of consciousness...
Tangonan, Ruth Lazaridis, Christos
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Acute disorders of consciousness (DOC) are impairments in arousal and awareness that occur within 28 days of an initial injury and can result from a variety of insults. These states range from coma, unresponsive wakefulness, covert consciousness, minimal consciousness, to confusional state. It is important to perform thorough, serial examinations w...
Liu, Gang Chi, Bradley
Published in
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
Over the last 10 years, there have been rapid advances made in technologies that can be utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a disorder of consciousness (DoC). This article provides a comprehensive review of these modalities including the evidence supporting their potential use in DoC. This review specifically addresses diagnost...
